Regulation of Sap Release when Tapping Betula pendula Roth. P. 180–189

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 0.5MB )

UDС

630*2

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-180-189

Abstract

The study showed a correlation between the intensity of sap release by birch trees and the trunk diameter, degree of crown development, and tree age. In addition to the characteristics of trees, sap release intensity also depended on weather conditions and tapping methods. The study object was a mature birch stand with blueberry ground cover (Kirishi forestry unit of the Leningrad region, Russia). The composition of the stand consisted of birch (65 %), spruce (21 %), aspen (8 %), alder (3 %), elm (2 %), and maple (1 %); the basal area was 0.6. The projective cover was 0.73. The average age, diameter and height were 76 yrs, 25.0 cm and 24.3 m, respectively. Tapping was carried out by the closed method. The tapping channels were 30–40 cm above the root neck. The intensity of sap release was found to depend on the number of channels and their location. The maximum intensity of sap release from one tapping channel was 285 mL/h, depending on the trunk diameter and tree age. The intensity of sap release varied throughout the day: it increased in the morning and early afternoon (until 1–2 pm), and decreased in the late afternoon. At night, sap release intensity was the lowest, or it stopped completely regardless of the tree's age, degree of crown development, and trunk diameter. At the average daily temperature between +3 and +6 °С in moky weather, each tree produced 0.54–1.37 L of sap per day, and at a higher temperature in sunny weather, 2.50–6.22 L per day. The higher the air and soil temperatures, the more intense the sap release. At the air temperature of –3.0 °С, the sap freezes. When the average daily air temperature stays above +10.0 °С for several days, the sap begins to ferment.

Authors

Anatoly V. Gryazkin¹*, Doctor of Biology, Prof.; ResearcherID: C-6699-2018, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-2180
Dmitriy A. Danilov^1,2, Doctor of Agriculture; ResearcherID: S-7007-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-5743
Dmitriy A. Zaytsev², Candidate of Agriculture, Senior Research Scientist;
ResearcherID: AAG-8964-2021, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8704-6516
Minh Anh Hoang¹, Postgraduate Student; ResearcherID: ABB-5138-2021, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3025-803X
Tran Trung Thanh¹, Postgraduate Student; ResearcherID: ABB-4415-2021, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0728-3547

Affiliation

¹Saint-Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S.M. Kirov, Institutskiy per., 5, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation; lesovod@bk.ru*, stown200@mail.ru, minhanh_hoang@outlook.com, thanh.tt@rcfee.org.vn
²Leningrad Research Agriculture Institute Branch of Russian Potato Research Centre, ul. Institutskaya, 1, d. Belogorka, Gatchinskiy District, Leningrad Region, 188338, Russian Federation; disoks@gmail.com

Keywords

forest phytocenosis, forest stand, birch stand, sap release, sap release intensity, Betula pendula Roth

For citation

Gryazkin A.V., Danilov D.A., Zaytsev D.A., Hoang Minh Anh, Thanh Tran Trung. Regulation of Sap Release when Tapping Betula pendula Roth. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 4, pp. 180–189. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-180-189

References

1. Baginskiy V.F., Esimchik L.D., Grimashevich V.V., Burak F.F., Valova Z.G., Ermonina I.V., Kolodiy T.A., Kochanovskiy S.B., Lapitskaya O.V., Neverov A.V., Poroshina L.V., Samusev A.D., Fedorenko O.N., Shershen L.I. Integrated Productivity of Forest Lands. Gomel, Institute of Forest of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Publ., 2007. 295 p. (In Russ.).

2. Gryazkin A.V., Lyubimov A.V., Samsonova I.D., Khetagurov Kh.M., Hung Vu Van, Vandzhurak G.V. Productivity of Birch Juice According to the Number of Channels on the Trunk. The Agrarian Scientific Journal, 2017, no. 6, pp. 7–10. (In Russ.).

3. Gryazkin A.V., Tran Trung Thanh, Vu Van Hung, Prokofyev A.N., Hoang Minh Anh. Integrated Assessment of Raw Material Resources of Birch Forests. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2022, no. 1, pp. 23–35. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-23-35

4. Orlov I.I., Ryabchuk V.P. Birch Sap. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1982. 56 p.

5. Gryazkin A.V. Seedling Growth Registering Method. Patent RF no. RU 2 084 129 C1, 1997. (In Russ.).

6. Rules for the Use of Forests for Agriculture: Approved by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation No. 408 dated July 2, 2020. (In Russ.).

7. Ryabchuk V.P. Sap Release of Birch and Temperature Conditions. Lesnoye khozyaystvo, 1974, no. 5, pp. 25–27. (In Russ.).

8. Khetagurov Kh.M., Gryazkin A.V., Gutal M.M., Feklistov P.A. To the Question of the Efficient Resources Use in the Maple Forests Type of the Caucasus. Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories, 2018, vol. 10, no. 3(37), pp. 373–382. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2018-10-3-373-382

9. Hung V.V., Hetagurov Kh.M., Kochkin A.A., Novikova M.A., Thao D.V. The Release Rate of Birch Juice Depending on the Trunk Diameter and Crown Shape. The Agrarian Scientific Journal, 2016, vol. 10, pp. 46–49. (In Russ.).

10. Thanh Chung Chan, Gryazkin A.V., Syrnikov I.A., Hung Wu Wan. Resources of Woody Plants in Myrtillus-Type Birch Forest. Forestry Engineering Journal, 2020, vol. 10, no. 2(38), pp. 93–102. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.34220/issn.2222-7962/2020.2/9

11. Boxal P.C., Murray G., Unterschultz J.R. Non-Timber Forest Products from the Canadian Boreal Forest: An Exploration of Aboriginal Opportunities. Journal of Forest Economics, 2003, vol. 9, iss. 2, pp. 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1078/1104-6899-00027

12. Cioacă L., Enescu C.M. Trends in the Evolution of Harvesting of Non-Wood Forest Products in Romania. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2018, vol. 50(4), pp. 82–86.

13. Enescu C.M. Which are the Most Important Non-Wood Forest Products in the Case of Ialomița County? AgroLife Scientific Journal, 2017, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 98–103.

14. Enescu C.M. Collection and Use of Birch Sap, a Less Known Non-Wood Forest Product in Romania. Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development, 2017, vol. 17, iss. 1, pp. 191–194.

15. Enescu C.M., Dincа L., Crișan V. The Most Important Non-Wood Forest Products from Prahova County. Revista Pădurilor, 2018, no. 1, pp. 45–51.

16. Jayaraman K. A Statistical Manual For Forestry Research. Bangkok, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, 1999. 231 p.

17. Johansson T. Development of Stump Suckers by Betula pubescens at Different Light Intensities. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 1987, vol. 2, iss. 1-4, pp. 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/02827588709382447

18. Klinger W., Hirschelmann R., Suss J. Birch Sap and Birch Leaves Extract – Screening for Antimicrobial, Phagocytosis Influencing, Antiphlogistic and Antipyretic Activity. Die Pharmazie, 1989, vol. 44(8), pp. 558–560.

19. Kūka M., Čakste I., Geršebeka E. Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Mineral Substances in Latvian Birch and Maple Saps. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences, 2013, vol. 67(4-5), pp. 437–441. https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2013-0069

20. Liu T.X., Zhang S.W. Agroforestry Systems in Northern Temperate Zone and Productive Perspectives. Advanced Materials Research, 2011, vol. 304, pp. 253–258. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.304.253

21. Nygren A., Lacuna-Richman C., Keinänen K., Alsa L. Ecological, Socio-Cultural, Economic and Political Factors Influencing the Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products: Case Studies from Honduras and the Philippines. Small-scale Forestry, 2006, vol. 5(2), pp. 249–269. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11842-006-0013-5

22. Svanberg I., Sõukand R., Łuczaj Ł., Kalle R., Zyryanova O., Dénes A., Papp N., Nedelcheva A., Šeškauskaitė D., Kołodziejska-Degórska I., Kolosova V. Uses of Tree Saps in Northern and Eastern Parts of Europe. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2012, vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 343–357. https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2012.036