Features of the Dynamics of Lichen Pine Forests under Flooding by the Rybinsk Reservoir. P. 52–69

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 1MB )

UDС

630*187

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2022-4-52-69

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying the long-term dynamics of the Darwin Nature Reserve’s forests, which turned out in altered environmental conditions due to the creation of the Rybinsk Reservoir. Multi-year reservoir influence has significantly changed the environment of coastal areas, which resulted in necessity of studying the coastal forests state. The lichen pine forest growing in the zone of direct influence of the Rybinsk Reservoir became an object of study. A geobotanical description was carried out and inventory characteristics of the woodland were determined in order to study the direction and speed of growth and development processes at the trial areas. The main focus was on the dynamics of the living ground cover as an indicator of soil and hydrological conditions and the state of the stand, undergrowth, and understorey. The connection of growth and development processes of flooded stands with climatic features of growth periods, relief features and level regime of the reservoir was found. The calculation of the effect of flooding, which characterizes the impulses of deviation of the pine stand productivity indicators, showed that in the conditions of well-defined mesorelief and deep groundwater occurrence in the low-water period, the effect was negative, and in the high-water period – positive. This value was positive for both periods on the slopes of shallow subsurface depressions. A comparative analysis of absolute increments in flooded and reference stands revealed significant differences in the nature of these changes. The average growth tends to increase under flooding, which is not typical for natural stands in ripe age. Sharp peaks of current increment rise correspond to the period with the most well-defined influence of flooding. Significant mobility and variability of the ground cover indicate the dynamism of the studied type of forest, the processes of self-regulation in lichen pine trees are so disturbed by the reservoir influence that even the formed forest type is not able to survive. From the perspective of I.S. Melekhov’s dynamic typology, the studied forest type under flooding should be considered as a type-stage on the way to the accelerated formation of a new type – green-moss pine forest. The findings confirming the provisions of the dynamic typology are important both for forest science and forestry practice, and for monitoring studies in the reserve.

Authors

Andrej K. Mukhin, Research Scientist; ResearcherID: G-8006-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5269-1566

Affiliation

Darwin Nature Reserve, 44, der. Borok, Cherepovets District, Vologda Region, 162723, Russian Federation; akm.ru@yandex.ru

Keywords

lichen pine forests, Rybinsk Reservoir, reservoir impact on stands, flooding effect, dynamic forest typology

For citation

Mukhin A.K. Features of the Dynamics of Lichen Pine Forests under Flooding by the Rybinsk Reservoir. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2022, no. 4, pp. 52–69. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-4-52-69

References

1. Anuchin N.P. Forest Inventory. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennst’ Publ., 1982. 552 p. (In Russ.).

2. D’yakonov K.N. Influence of Large Plain Reservoirs on the Coastal Zone Forests. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1975. 126 p. (In Russ.).

3. Kudinov K.A. The Analysis Results of Pine Growth Features on the Coasts of the Rybinsk Reservoir: Cand. Agric. Sci. Diss. Abs. Moscow, 1969. 26 p. (In Russ.).

4. Melekhov I.S. Forest Science. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1980. 408 p. (In Russ.).

5. Pisanov V.S. Dynamics of Lichen and Lichen-Green-Moss Pine Forests under the Influence of the Rybinsk Reservoir. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 1984, no. 3, pp. 9–11. (In Russ.). http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/apxiv/1984/%E2%84%963-1984.pdf

6. Pisanov V.S. Four Decades under the Reservoir Influence: Dynamics of Lichen Pine Forests. Dynamic Forest Typology. Moscow, Agroizdat Publ., 1989, pp. 192–197. (In Russ.).

7. Pisanov V.S. The Influence of Flooding on the Productivity of Pine Stands in the Lichen Forest Type. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2000, no. 1, pp. 16–22. (In Russ.). http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/f7c/16_21.pdf

8. Sal’nikova I.S., Vorob’yeva T.S., Nagimov Z.Ya., Zubova S.S., Orekhova O.N., Suslov А.V. Forest Inventory. Stand Development. Yekaterinburg, USFEU Publ., 2020. 130 p. (In Russ.).

9. Tyurin A.V., Naumenko I.V., Voropanov P.V. Forest Supplementary Book (On Forest Inventory). Moscow, Goslesbumizdat Publ., 1956. 532 p. (In Russ.).

10. Uspenskaya A.A. Materials for the Soil Cover Studying of the Main Forest Types of the Darwin Nature Reserve. Trudy Darvinskogo zapovednika, 1968, iss. 9, pp. 123–181. (In Russ.).

11. Falaleyev E.N. Inventory of Different-Aged Forest Stands. Krasnoyarsk, STI Publ., 1975. 29 p. (In Russ.).

12. Shennikov A.P. Introduction to Geobotany. Leningrad, LU Publ., 1964. 447 p. (In Russ.).

13. Bakkenes M., Eickhout B., Alkemade R. Impacts of Different Climate Stabilization Scenarios on Plant Species in Europe. Global Environmental Change, 2006, vol. 16, pp. 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2005.11.001

14. Eggers S., Lindner M., Zudin S., Zaehle S., Liski J. Impact of Changing Wood Demand, Climate and Land Use on European Forest Resources and Carbon Stocks During the 21st Century. Global Change Biology, 2008, vol. 14, iss. 10, pp. 2288–2303. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01653.x

15. Groffman P.M., Rustad L.E., Templer P.H., Campbell J.L., Christenson L.M., Lany N.K. et al. Long-Term Integrated Studies Show Complex and Surprising Effects of Climate Change in the Northern Hardwood Forest. BioScience, 2012, vol. 62, iss. 12, pp. 1056–1066. https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.12.7

16. Hurmekoski E., Hetemäki L. Studying the Future of the Forest Sector: Review and Implications for Long-Term Outlook Studies. Forest Policy and Economics, 2013, vol. 34, pp. 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.05.005

17. Kuuluvainen T., Mäki J., Karjalainen L., Lehtonen H. Tree Age Distributions in Old-Growth Forest Sites in Vienansalo Wilderness, Eastern Fennoscandia. Silva Fennica, 2002, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 169–184. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.556

18. Mohammadi Limaei S., Lohmander P., Olsson L. Dynamic Growth Models for Continuous Cover Multi-Species Forestry in Iranian Caspian Forests. Journal of Forest Science, 2017, vol. 63, no. 11, pp. 519–529. https://doi.org/10.17221/32/2017-JFS

19. Pitkänen S. Effect of Tree Stand and Site Variables on Alpha Diversity of Ground Vegetation in the Forests of Northern Karelia. Journal of Environmental Management, 2000, vol. 58, iss. 4, pp. 289–295. https://doi.org/10.1006/jema.2000.0332

20. Rodenkirchen H. Nutrient Pools and Fluxes of the Ground Vegetation in Coniferous Forests Due to Fertilizing, Liming and Amelioration. Plant and Soil, 1995, vol. 168, iss. 1, pp. 383–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00029351