Growth of Schrenk’s Spruce (Picea schrenkiana) Seedlings Related to the Pre-Sowing Stimulating Seed Treatment. P. 39–51

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 0.7MB )

UDС

631.531+631.8+635.92

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2022-4-39-51

Abstract

The uniqueness of the biological properties and the occurrence in nature of the Schrenk’s Spruce (Picea schrenkiana Fisch. & C.A. Mey.), its great forestry significance, and important eco-stabilizing functions of its stands in the Northern Tian Shan are of great interest to a wide range of researchers in many countries. However, many characteristics of this endemic species have been poorly studied so far, and information on the effectiveness of its introduction is extremely limited. We investigated the characteristics of growth and development of spruce seedlings in the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region. The seeds were harvested in natural plantations on the territory of the Almaty State Nature Reserve, which is located in the Central part of the Trans-Ili Alatau in South-Eastern Kazakhstan. They were sown in an open ground nursery under stimulating treatment with the following bioactive stimulants: siliplant, ferovit, ecofus, kornevin, heteroauxin, zircon, extrasol, epin, and albit. The soaking of all the seeds in water at the same exposure for 24 h served as control. The aftereffect of bioactive substances in the pre-sowing stimulating treatment of Shrenk’s spruce seeds was found to activate the growth processes of the aboveground part of its seedlings during the introduction into the Nizhny Novgorod region. It was found that the biennial part of seedlings axial shoot had unequal length in different experimental options. The highest values were achieved in the variants with the use of the following stimulants: ferovit (5.95±0.02 cm), heteroauxin (5.62±0.16 cm), ecofus (5.47±0.32 cm), and albit (5.49±0.015 cm). The generalized value was 5.08±0.07 cm. The growth characteristics of seedlings also respond to the stimulating effect. The best results in this case were shown by ferovit (2.25±0.023 cm) and heteroauxin (1.96±0.17 cm). The differences in the number of side shoots are less contrasting. However, we can also see the previously noted trends: ferovit (1.42±0.25 pcs); heteroauxin (1.34±0.19 pcs); and albit (1.31±0.19 pcs). We obtained the certificate of sufficient resource of natural conditions of the region for seed breeding of Schrenk’s spruce in the open ground and the significant potential of its introduction to the Nizhny Novgorod region.

Authors

Anna V. Kul’kova¹, Candidate of Agriculture; ResearcherID: G-9517-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5200-233X
Natalia N. Besschetnova¹, Doctor of Agriculture; ResearcherID: H-1343-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7140-8797
Vladimir P. Besschetnov^1*, Doctor of Biology, Prof.; ResearcherID: S-5889-2016, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5024-7464
Yerzhan Zh. Kentbaev², Doctor of Agriculture, Prof.; ResearcherID: G-7677-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3308-1287
Botagoz A. Kentbaeva², Doctor Biology, Prof.; ResearcherID: G-8228-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0969-9754

Affiliation

¹Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, prosp. Gagarina, 97, Nizhny Novgorod, 603107, Russian Federation; kulkova12@gmail.com, besschetnova1966@mail.ru, lesfak@bk.ru*
²Kazakh National Research Agrarian University, prosp. Abaya, 8, Almaty, 050010, Republic of Kazakhstan; kentbayev@mail.ru, kentbayeva@mail.ru

Keywords

Schrenk’s spruce, introduction, seed propagation, growth stimulants, seedlings, morphometrics, analysis of variance, Nizhny Novgorod region

For citation

Kul’kova A.V., Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P., Kentbaev Y.Zh., Kentbaeva B.A. Growth of Schrenk’s Spruce (Picea schrenkiana) Seedlings Related to the Pre-Sowing Stimulating Seed Treatment. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2022, no. 4, pp. 39–51. https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-4-39-51

References

1. Bakhtiyorov Z., Yu R., Yang M., Monoldorova A., Aminov J. Reconstructed Precipitation for the Eastern Tian Shan (China), based on Picea shrenkiana Tree-Ring Width. Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, 2017, vol. 8, iss. 12, art. 432. https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7617.1000432

2. Baytulin I.O., Bykov B.A., Proskuryakov M.A., Roldugin I.I. On the Main Problems of Mountain Forestry in Kazakhstan. Forests of Mountain Systems of Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata, Nauka Kazakhskoy SSR Publ., 1987, pp. 3–11. (In Russ.).

3. Bazilevskaya N.A. Theory and Methods of Plant Introduction. Moscow, MSU Publ., 1964. 131 p. (In Russ.).

4. Berezin E.L. To the Taxonomy and Variety of the Schrenk Spruce. Forest Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production: Collection of Academic Papers of the Meeting Held on December 12–15, 1967 in Petrozavodsk. Petrozavodsk, Kareliya Publ., 1970, pp. 199–202. (In Russ.).

5. Berezin E.L. The Species Composition of Spruce Populations in the Forests of the Tian-Shan and Dzhungarian Ala-Tau Mts. Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 1970, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 491–498. (In Russ.).

6. Berezin E.L., Budaragin V.A. Interpopulation Variability of Karyotypes of the Tian Shan and Dzungarian Alatau Spruce and Issues of Its Taxonomy. Botanical Materials of the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany of the Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences. Alma-Ata, Nauka KazSSR Publ., 1982, iss. 12, pp. 60–67. (In Russ.).

7. Besschetnova M.V. Some Genetic Aspects of the Theory of Plant Introduction. Bulletin of the Main Botanical Garden, 1971, iss. 82, pp. 3–7. (In Russ.).

8. Besschetnova M.V. Adaptation Processes from the Standpoint of Plant Introduction. Bulletin of the Main Botanical Garden, 1983, iss. 128, pp. 3–6. (In Russ.).

9. Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P., Khramova O.Ju., Dorozhkina L.A. Stimulating Effect of EcoFus Preparation During Presowing Seeds Treatment of Norway Spruce. Agrokhimicheskiy vestnik = Agrochemical Herald, 2017, no. 2, pp. 41–44. (In Russ.).

10. Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P., Kulkova A.V., Mishukova I.V. Starch Content in Shoot Tissues of Different Spruce Species (Picea A. Dietr.) in Introduction. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2017, no. 4, pp. 57–68. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.4.57

11. Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P., Kul’kova A.V., Shirokov A.I. Correlation of Starch Content in Tissue of Picea a. Dietr. Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University, 2018, no. 2(49), pp. 19–22. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.12737/article_5b34ff5f201623.29401443

12. Besschenova N.N., Kul’kova A.V. The Content of Reserve Nutrients in the Cells of Annual Shoot Tissues of the Representatives of the Spruce (Picea L.) Genus in Nizhny Novgorod Region. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2019, no. 6, pp. 52–61. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.6.52

13. Bobrov E.G. Forest-Forming Conifers of the USSR. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1978. 188 p. (In Russ.).

14. Bondarenko A.S., Zhigunov A.V. Statistical Processing of Forestry Research Materials. Saint Petersburg, Polytechpress, 2016. 125 p. (In Russ.).

15. Budaragin V.A. Karyotypes of the Main Coniferous Species of Kazakhstan. Proceedings of KazNIILKh. Vol. 2. Protective Afforestation and Breeding Issues in Northern Kazakhstan. Alma-Ata, Kaynar Publ., 1980, pp. 116–122. (In Russ.).

16. Bykov B.A. Spruce Forests of the Tian Shan, Their History, Features and Typology. Alma-Ata, Akademiya nauk KazSSR Publ., 1950. 128 p. (In Russ.).

17. Bykov B.A. Dominants of the Vegetation Cover of the Soviet Union. In 3 Vol. Vol. 1. Alma-Ata, Akademiya nauk KazSSR Publ., 1960. 315 p. (In Russ.).

18. Bykov B.A. Spruce Forests of the Tian Shan. Alma-Ata, Nauka Kazakhskoy SSR Publ., 1985. 284 p. (In Russ.).

19. Chen F., Mambetov B., Maisupova B., Kelgenbayev N. Drought Variations in Almaty (Kazakhstan) Since AD 1785 Based on Spruce Tree Rings. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 2017, vol. 31, iss. 8, pр. 2097–2105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-016-1290-y

20. Cheshev L.S. Cuttings and Renewal in Spruce Forests of the Issyk-Kul Region. Frunze, Ilim Publ., 1974, pp. 8–26. (In Russ.).

21. Cheshev L.S. Bioecological Basis of Final Felling in Spruce Forests of the Tian Shan. Frunze, Ilim Publ., 1978. 78 p. (In Russ.).

22. Danilik V.N. Final Felling in Tian Shan Spruce Stands. The System of Final Felling in the Mountain Forests of the Altai and Tian Shan: Proceedings of the Scientific and Production Conference Held in November 1957. Alma-Ata, Kaynar Publ., 1959, pp. 20–23. (In Russ.).

23. Dean A., Voss D., Draguljić D. Design and Analysis of Experiments. Heidelberg, Springer Cham, 2017. 840 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52250-0

24. De Atrip N., O’Reilly C. Germination Response of Alder and Birch Seeds to Applied Gibberellic Acid and Priming Treatments in Combination with Chilling. Annals of Forest Science, 2007, vol. 64, no. 4, pp. 385–394. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2007015

25. Debreczy Z., Rácz I. Conifers Around the World. In 2 Vol. Vol. 1. The International Dendrological Foundation. Ed. by K. Musial. DendroPress, 2012. 1089 p.

26. Dospekhov B.A. Field Experiment Technique (With the Basics of Statistical Processing of Research Results). Moscow, Al’yans Publ., 2014. 351 p. (In Russ.).

27. Farjon A. Picea schrenkiana, Schrenk’s Spruce. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013. 6 p. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42336A2973645.en

28. Gan P.A Experience of Mountain Afforestation in the Belt of Spruce Forests of Kyrgyzstan. Proceedings of the Meeting on the Problem of Restoration and Breeding of Spruce Forests. Frunze, Akademiya nauk KirgSSR Publ., 1960, pp. 53–59. (In Russ.).

29. Gan P.A. Introduction and Afforestation of Conifers in Kyrgyzstan. Frunze, Ilim Publ., 1987. 147 p. (In Russ.).

30. Goryachkina O.V., Muratova E.N., Badaeva E.D. Karyological Studies of Picea schrenkiana (Pinaceae) from Kirghizia. Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 2018, no. 4, pp. 505–516. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0006813618040063

31. Hinkelmann K., Kempthorne O. Design and Analysis of Experiments: Introduction to Experimental Design. Vol. 1. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley, 2008. 631 p. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470191750

32. Isakov A.T., Buzykin A.I. Method for Assessing Natural Regeneration of Spruce Forests in the Issyk-Kul Region. Conifers of the boreal zone, 2012, vol. XXX, no. 3-4, pp. 214–219. (In Russ.).

33. Karpyuk T.V., Muratova E.N., Vladimirova O.S., Sedel’nikova T.S. Karyological Analysis of Picea schrenkiana. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 2009, no. 1, pp. 52–58. (In Russ.).

34. Kelgenbaev N.S., Besschetnov V.P., Mambetov B.T. Results of Reforestation in Medeo Hole After Disasters. Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University, 2016, no. 1(39), pp. 27–29. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.12737/19302

35. Kelgenbaev N.S., Mambetov B.T., Bukeikhanov A.N., Besschetnov V.P. Spruce Forests Distribution by Their Vital Resistance in the Mountain Forests of North Tyan-Shan. Izvestia Orenburg State Agrarian University, 2016, no. 2(58), part 2, pp. 137–140. (In Russ.).

36. Kulkova A.V., Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P. Multiparameter Evaluation of the Taxonomic Proximity of the Species of Spruce (Picea a. Dietr.) in the Pigment Composition of Needles. Vestnik of Volga State University of Technology Series “Forest: Ecology. Nature Management”, 2018, no. 1(37), pp. 5–18. (In Russ.).

37. Kul’kova A.V., Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P. Multivariable Analysis in the Assessment of Spruce Species Specificity (Picea). Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2018, no. 6, pp. 23–38. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2018.6.23

38. Lapin P.I., Kalutskiy K.K., Kalutskaya O.N. Introduction of Forest Species. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1979. 224 p. (In Russ.).

39. Lapin P.I., Sidneva S.V. Assessment of the Prospects for the Introduction of Woody Plants Based on Visual Observation Data. Experience in the Introduction of Woody Plants. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1973, pp. 7–67. (In Russ.).

40. Mambetov B.T., Kelgenbaev N.S., Maysupova B.D., Dosmanbetov D.A., Dukenov Zh.S. On the Evaluation Technique of Natural Regeneration of Schrenk’s Spruce (Picea schrenkiana) in Mountain Forests of the Northern Tien Shan. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2018, no. 4, pp. 63–69. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2018.4.63

41. Mason R.L., Gunst R.F., Hess J.L. Statistical Design and Analysis of Experiments: With Applications to Engineering and Science. Hoboken, NJ, Wiley, 2003. 752 p. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471458503

42. Mead R., Curnow R.N., Hasted A.M. Statistical Methods in Agriculture and Experimental Biology. New York, Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2002. 488 p. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203738559

43. Muratova E.N., Sedel’nikova T.S., Goryachkina O.V., Pimenov A.V. Study of Coniferous Karyotypes by Classical and Molecular-Cytogenetic Methods. Conservation of Forest Genetic Resources: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference. Kokshetau, Mir pechati Publ., 2019, pp. 148–150. (In Russ.).

44. Panyushkina I.P., Chang C., Clemens A.W., Bykov N. First Tree-Ring Chronology from Andronovo Archaeological Timbers of Bronze Age in Central Asia. Dendrochronologia, 2010, vol. 28, iss. 1, pp. 13–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dendro.2008.10.001

45. Plotnikova L.S. Scientific Basis for the Introduction and Protection of Woody Flora of the USSR. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1988. 264 p. (In Russ.).

46. Proskuryakov M.A. On the Issue of Acclimatization of Schrenk’s Spruce on the Southern Slopes of the Tian Shan Mountains. Vestnik sel’skokhozyaystvennoy nauki Kazakhstana, 1965, no. 11, pp. 89–93. (In Russ.).

47. Proskuryakov M.A. Regularities of the Spatial Structure Formation of the Mountain Spruce Forest Stand of Tian Shan. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 1971, no. 6, pp. 3–10. (In Russ.).

48. Proskuryakov M.A. Horizontal Structure of Mountain Dark Coniferous Forests. Alma-Ata, Nauka KazSSR Publ., 1983. 215 p. (In Russ.).

49. Proskuryakov M.A., Khomullo O.N. Experimental Analysis of Differentiation of Schrenk’s Spruce Seedlings. The Flora and Fauna of the Reserves of Kazakhstan: Proceedings of the Chief Administration of Reserves and Hunting Farms under the Council of Ministers of the Kazakh SSR. Alma-Ata, Kaynar Publ., 1973, pp. 119–150. (In Russ.).

50. Roldugin I.I. Spruce Forests of the Northern Tian Shan. Alma-Ata, Nauka Kazakhskoy SSR Publ., 1989. 303 p. (In Russ.).

51. Rubtsov N.I. On the Geobotanical Zoning of the Tian Shan. Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological series, 1956, vol. 56, pp. 86–94. (In Russ.).

52. Srinagesh K. The Principles of Experimental Research. Waltham, MA, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005. 432 p.

53. Szczotka Z., Lewandowska U. Polyamines in Dormancy Breaking of Tree Seeds. Annals of Forest Science, 1989, vol. 46, no. Supplement, pp. 95s–97s. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:19890518

54. Venglovskiy B.I., Lukashevich I.V., Isakov A. Creation of Forest Plantations of Tian Shan Spruce. Rational Use and Conservation of Forest Resources: International Scientific Conference. Bishkek, Ilim Publ., 2006, pp. 117–120. (In Russ.)

55. Vladimirova O.S., Karpjuk T.V., Muratova E.N. Chromosome Numbers of Some Picea Species (Pinaceae). Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 2003, vol. 88, no. 8, pp. 112–113. (In Russ.).

56. Zar J.H. Biostatistical Analysis. Edinburg Gate, Pearson New International edition, 2014. 756 p.