Growth and Productivity of Non-Indigenous Woody Species in the Middle Ural

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 1.8MB )

UDС

581.543

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-100-109

Abstract

Climate warming has been recorded over the last decades. The air temperature in Yekaterinburg has been rising since the 1930s. Temperatures dropped sharply in 1940–1949, then rose sharply and fell again, especially in 1967–1968, when many large introduced species considered to be adapted died: Phellodendron amurense Rupr. and Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lindl.) Britt. Due to the cyclical nature of weather conditions, it was necessary to assess the features of adaptation and state of the introduced plants in recent years. Snowless autumn and winter, temperatures above zero in early spring are unfavourable for many species, especially or conifers. Thus, in 2014 much snow fell on October 16 and melted in 2 weeks, temperatures below zero did not afford plants to prepare for the winter; in March 2015 the temperature rose up to +10 °C while the ground temperature was below zero for a long time. As a result of physiological dryness 100 % of specimens of variegated forms of northern white cedar Thuja occidentalis L. `Ellwangeriana Aurea`, `Ericoides` died. In other forms the leafage died to the snow cover level and recovered after abundant rains: `Aurea spicata`, `Gold Pearl`, `Golden Globe`, `Lutescens`, `Semperaurea` and `Wareana Lutescens`. Due to a steady increase in the sum of positive temperatures and reaching a certain age, many conifer species entered the fruiting stage and gave self-seeding: Pinus peuce Grieseb, Pinus strobus L., Picea canadensis (Mill.) Britt. et al., Picea pungens Engelm., Pseudotsuga taxifolia (Lindl.) Britt., and Abies sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Mast. In the warmest year of 2016, the latter gave an abundant yield – red-brown cones with protruding seed scales; a strong wind dropped them all. They remained under the snow for the winter and did not crumble (probably, the fruits were unripe), so Abies sachalinensis was mistaken for Keteleeria fortunei (A. Murray bis) Carrière), which has cones that do not crumble. Unusual flowering was observed in Crataegus oxyacantha L. `Rosea Plena`, Mespilus germanica L., Syringa reflexa C.K.Schneid, Hamamelis virginiana L. With the rise in average annual temperatures, the number of years with abnormal weather conditions increased and the condition of some plants deteriorated.

Authors

Lidia A. Semkina, Doctor of Biology, Leading Research Scientist; ResearcherID: AAC-4433-2020, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2351-3258
Elena A. Tishkina, Candidate of Agriculture, Research Scientist, Assoc. Prof.; ResearcherID: AAC-4442-2020, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6315-2878

Affiliation

Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. 8 Marta, 202a, Yekaterinburg, 620144, Russian Federation; е-mail: Elena.MLOB1@yandex.ru, lidia.semkina@botgard.uran.ru

Keywords

climate warming, bluming, fruting, Cupressaceae, Hydrangeaceae, Oleaceae, Pinaceae, Rosaceae

For citation

Semkina L.A., Tishkina E.A. Growth and Productivity of Non-Indigenous Woody Species in the Middle Urals. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 100–109. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-100-109

References

1. Григорьев А.А., Ерохина О.В., Соковнина С.Ю., Шалаумова Ю.В., Балакин Д.С. Продвижение древесно-кустарниковой растительности в горы и изменение состава тундровых сообществ (хр. Зигальга, Южный Урал) // Журн. СФУ . Биология. 2018. Т. 11, № 3. С. 218–236. Grigor’ev A.A., Erokhina O.V., Sokovnina S.U., Shalaumova Yu.V., Balakin D.S. The Advance of Woody and Shrub Vegetation to the Mountains and Changes in the Composition of Tundra Communities (Poperechnaya Mountain, the Zigalga Mountain Range in the Southern Urals). Zhurnal Sibirskogo federal’nogo universiteta. Biologiya [Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology], 2018, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 218–236. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17516/1997-1389-0067

2. Жмылев П.Ю., Жмылева А.П., Карпухина Е.А., Титовец А.В. Возможные причины изменения сезонного развития растений в связи с потеплением климата // Вестн. РУДН . Сер.: Экология и безопасность жизнедеятельности. 2003. № 9. С. 98–103. Zhmylev P.Yu., Zhmyleva A.P., Karpukhina E.A., Titovetc A.V. Possible Reasons for Changes in the Seasonal Plant Development in Connection with Climate Warming. Vestnik Rossiyskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Ekologiya i bezopasnost’ zhiznedeyatel’nosti [Russian Journal of Ecology and Life Safety], 2003, no. 9, pp. 98–103.

3. Лапин П.И. Сезонный ритм развития древесных растений и его значение для интродукции // Бюл. Глав. ботан. сада. 1967. Вып. 65. С. 13–18. Lapin P.I. Seasonal Rythm of Woody Plant Development and Its Role in Introduction. Byulleten’ Glavnogo botanicheskogo sada [Bulletin of the Central Botanical Garden], 1967, iss. 65, pp. 13–18.

4. Мазепа В.С., Шиятов С.Г. Изменения климата и динамика плотности притундровых редколесий на верхней границе леса на Полярном Урале за последнее тысячелетие // Бюл. Рос. нац. ком. по Междунар. геосферно-биосферной программе. 2003. № 2. С. 20–21. Mazepa V.S., Shiyatov S.G. Climate Changes and Density Dynamics of Tundra Sparse Forests on the Upper Forest Border in the Polar Urals for the Last Millennium. Byulleten’ Rossiyskogo natsional’nogo komiteta po mezhdunarodnoy geosferno-biosfernoy programme, 2003, no. 2, pp. 20–21.

5. Моисеев П.А., Ван дер Меер М., Риглинг А., Шевченко И.Г. Влияние изменений климата на формирование поколений ели сибирской в подгольцовых древостоях Южного Урала // Экология. 2004. № 3. C. 163–171. Moiseev P.A., Shevchenko I.G., Meer M.V.D., Rigling A. Effect of Climatic Changes on the Formation of Siberian Spruce Generations in Subglotsy Tree Stands of the Southern Urals. Ekologia [Russian Journal of Ecology], 2004, no. 3, pp. 163–171.

6. Моисеев П.А., Гайсин И.К., Бубнов М.О., Моисеева О.О. Динамика древесной растительности на участках остепненных склонов Южного Крака в последние 80 лет // Экология. 2018. № 2. С. 157–162. Moiseev P.A., Bubnov M.O., Moiseeva O.O., Gaisin I.K. Dynamics of Tree Vegetation in Steppificated Areas on the Slopes of the Southern Kraka Massif during the Past 80 Years. Ekologia [Russian Journal of Ecology], 2018, no. 2, pp. 157–162. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7868/S0367059718020105

7. Фадеева И.В., Фирсов Г.А., Булыгин Н.Е. Биоклиматическая цикличность в Санкт-Петербурге в конце XX в. и ее влияние на интродуцированную и местную дендрофлору // Ботан. журн. 2009. Т. 94, № 9. С. 1351–1358. Fadeyeva I.V., Firsov G.A., Bulygin N.E. Bioclimatic Cyclicity in Saint Petersburg in the Late 20th Century, and Its Influence on Introduced and Native Dendroflora. Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 2009, vol. 94, no. 9, pp. 1351–1358.

8. Фирсов Г.А., Волчанская А.В., Фадеева И.В. Уровни адаптированности древесных видов растений Красной книги России, интродуцированных в Санкт-Петербурге, в условиях изменения климата // Вестн. ВолГУ . Сер. 11: Естеств. науки. 2012. № 2(4). С. 16–27. Firsov G.A., Volchanskaya A.V., Fadeyeva I.V. Levels of Adaptation of Woody Species of Red Data Book of Russia in St.-Petersburg in the Age of Climate Change. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 11. Estestvennyye nauki [Science of VolSU. Natural sciences], 2012, no. 2(4), pp. 16–27.

9. Фирсов Г.А., Фадеева И.В., Волчанская А.В. Влияние метео-фенологической аномалии зимы 2006/07 года на древесные растения в Санкт-Петербурге // Вестн. МГУ Л – Лесн. вестн. 2008. № 6. С. 22–28. Firsov G.A., Fadeeva I.V., Volchanskaya А.V. Influence of Meteo-Phenological Anomaly of Winter 2006/07 on Arboreal Plants at Saint-Petersburg. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta lesa – Lesnoy vestnik [Forestry Bulletin], 2008, no. 6, pp. 22–28.

10. Фирсов Г.А., Фадеева И.В., Волчанская А.В. Фенологическое состояние древесных растений в садах и парках С.-Петербурга в связи с изменениями климата // Ботан. журн. 2010. Т. 95, № 1. С. 23–37. Firsov G.A., Fadeyeva I.V., Volchanskaya А.V. Phenological State of Arboreal Plants in Gardens and Parks of St. Petersburg in the Context of Climatic Changes. Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 2010, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 23–37.

11. Хантемиров Р.М., Горланова Л.А., Сурков А.Ю., Шиятов С.Г. Экстремальные климатические события на Ямале за последние 4100 лет по дендрохронологическим данным // Изв. РАН . Сер.: географическая. 2011. № 2. С. 89–102. Hantemirov R.M., Gorlanova L.A., Surkov A.Yu., Shiyatov S.G. Extreme Climate Events in Yamal for the Last 4100 Years According to Dendrochronological Data. Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk. Seriya Geograficheskaya, 2011, no. 2, pp. 89–102.

12. Шиятов С.Г. Динамика древесной и кустарниковой растительности в горах Полярного Урала под влиянием современных изменений климата. Екатеринбург: УрО РАН , 2009. 216 с. Shiyatov S.G. Dynamics of Woody and Shrub Vegetation in the Polar Urals under the Influence of Current Climate Change. Yekaterinburg, UB RAS Publ., 2009. 216 p.

13. Шиятов С.Г., Мазепа В.С. Климатогенная динамика лесотундровой растительности на Полярном Урале // Лесоведение. 2007. № 6. С. 11–22. Shiyatov S.G., Mazepa V.S. Climate-Driven Dynamics of the Forest-Tundra Vegetation in the Polar Ural Mountains. Lesovedenie [Russian Journal of Forest Science], 2007, no. 6, pp. 11–22.

14. Шмидт С.В. Биологические эффекты температурного воздействия на растения // Вестн. БФУ им. И. Канта. 2012. Вып. 7. С. 122–127. Schmidt S.V. The Bological Effects of Thermal Impact on Plants. Vestnik Baltiyskogo federal’nogo universiteta im. I. Kanta [IKBFU’s Vestnik Natural and medical sciences], 2012, iss. 7, pp. 122–127.

15. Clark R.M., Thompson R. Predicting the Impact of Global Warming on the Timing of Spring Flowering. International Journal of Climatology, 2010, vol. 30, iss. 11, pp. 1599–1613. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.2004

16. Cleland E.E., Chuine I., Menzel A., Mooney H.A., Schwartz M.D. Shifting Plant Phenology in Response to Global Change. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2007, vol. 22, iss. 7, pp. 357–365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2007.04.003

17. Fitter A.H., Fitter R.S.R. Rapid Changes in Flowering Time in British Plants. Science, 2002, vol. 296, no. 5573, pp. 1689–1691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1071617

18. Hagedorn F., Shiyatov S.G., Mazepa V.S., Devi N.M., Grigor’ev A.A., Bartysh A.A. et al. Treeline Advances along the Urals Mountain Range – Driven by Improved Winter Conditions? Global Change Biology, 2014, vol. 20, iss. 11, pp. 3530–3543. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12613

19. Harsch M.A., Hulme P.E., McGlone M.S., Duncan R.P. Are Treelines Advancing? A Global Meta-Analysis of Treeline Response to Climate Warming. Ecology Letters, 2009, vol. 12, iss. 10, pp. 1040–1049. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01355.x

20. Memmott J., Craze P.G., Waser N.M., Price M.V. Global Warming and the Disruption of Plant – Pollinator Interactions. Ecology Letters, 2007, vol. 10, iss. 8, pp. 710–717. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01061.x

21. Menzel A., Sparks T.H., Estrella N., Koch E., Aasa A., Ahas R. et al. European Phenological Response to Climate Change Matches the Warming Pattern. Global Change Biology, 2006, vol. 12, iss. 10, pp. 1969–1976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01193.x