Update on the Boundaries of the Curly Birch Range

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 0.8MB )

UDС

582.632.1:581.52

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2020-6-9-21

Abstract

Russian forest sector forms an attractive market for harvesting and logging equipment, however the position of Russian manufacturers is extremely weak. A brief overview of the current state of the market is presented with reference to the open sources. Its features are mentioned as compared to the road construction and agricultural machinery sectors. Three transnational companies dominate the Russian market of harvesting and logging equipment: John Deere, Ponsse and Komatsu. Most of the purchased equipment falls on machines for cut-tolength technology, such as harvester and forwarder. The market volume of new machines is estimated at 330–420 forwarders, 165–300 harvesters, about 30–40 feller bunchers and the same number of skidders. There were two waves in the consolidation of the position of foreign companies in Russia. The first was connected with the delivery of equipment and the development of foreign brands in Russia against the background of still high-profile positions of Russian manufacturers in the market. The second is the takeover of enterprises having a service network and reputation by diversified transnational corporations. The main strategies of the leading companies in the current situation are the export of equipment to Russia and the development of a service network. Companies do not turn to another level associated with the opening of production sites or joint ventures for the production of harvesting and logging machines. The Russian market is characterized by the absence of a strong Russian manufacturer of harvesting and logging machines, which is ready to significantly influence or actively participate in the processes of import substitution. The position of such a manufacturer is gradually occupied by the Belarusian Amkodor Holding. The purchase of new harvesting and logging machines can afford major timber companies. The main production sites of harvesting and logging machines are located in Finland, Sweden, USA, and Canada. In order to support forestry machine engineering, in addition to economic measures of stimulation approved in other sectors, it is proposed: to organize the work of scientific forest engineering centers on the base of public-private partnership with the financial support from the major vertically-integrated timber corporate groups; to stimulate the development of Russian sector-specific information technologies for harvesting and logging; to initiate the partnership with companies from the People’s Republic of China to launch the design and production of new-generation harvesting and logging machines.

Authors

L.V. Vetchinnikova¹, Doctor of Biology, Assoc. Prof., Chief Research Scientist; ResearcherID: J-5665-2018, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2091-905X
A.F. Titov^2,3, Corresp. Member of RAS, Doctor of Biology, Prof., Chief Research Scientist; ResearcheI: A-6705-2014, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-2411

Affiliation

¹Forest Research Institute of Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Pushkinskaya, 11, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185910, Russian Federation; е-mail: vetchin@krc.karelia.ru
²Institute of Biology of Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Pushkinskaya, 11, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185910, Russian Federation
³Department of Multidisciplinary Scientific Research of Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Pushkinskaya, 11, Petrozavodsk, Republic of Karelia, 185910, Russian Federation; е-mail: titov@krc.karelia.ru

Keywords

harvesting and logging equipment, timber industry, timber corporate group, feller buncher, skidder, harvester, forwarder, cut-to-length technology machines, tree-length technology machines

For citation

Vetchinnikova L.V., Titov A.F. Update on the Boundaries of the Curly Birch Range. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 6, pp. 9–21. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-6-9-21

References

1. Altukhov Yu.P. Population Genetics and Biodiversity Conservation. Sorosovskiy obrazovatel’nyy zhurnal [Soros Educational Journal], 1995, no. 1, pp. 32–43.
2. Altukhov Yu.P. Genetic Processes in Populations. Moscow, Akademkniga Publ., 2003. 431 p.
3. Altukhov Yu.P., Salmenkova E.A., Kurbatova O.L., Politov D.V., Evsyukov A.N., Zhukova O.V., Zakharov I.A., Moiseyeva I.G., Stolpovskiy Yu.A., Pukhal’skiy V.A., Pomortsev A.A., Upelniyek V.P., Kalabushkin B.A. Dynamics of Population Gene Pools under Antropogenic Pressures. Ed. By Yu.P. Altukhov. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2004. 620 p.
4. Vetchinnikova L.V. Karelian Birch and Other Rare Representatives of the Genus Betula L. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 2005. 269 p.
5. Vetchinnikova L.V., Titov A.F. Genesis of the Karelian Birch. An Ecogenetic Hypothesis. Ekologicheskaya genetika [Ecological Genetics], 2017, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 3–18. DOI: 10.17816/ecogen1423-18
6. Vetchinnikova L.V., Titov A.F. Karelian Birch in Sanctuaries in the Republic of Karelia: History, Current State, Problems. Botanicheskii Zhurnal, 2018, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 256–265. DOI: 10.1134/S0006813618020096
7. Vetchinnikova L.V., Titov A.F. Karelian Birch – a Unique Biological Object. Uspehi sovremennoj biologii [Biology Bulletin Reviews], 2020, vol. 139, no. 5, pp. 419–433. DOI: 10.1134/S0042132419050107
8. Vetchinnikova L., Titov A., Kuznetsova T. Curly Birch: Biological Characteristics, Resource Dynamics, and Reproduction. Petrozavodsk, KarRC RAS Publ., 2013. 312 p.
9.Evdokimov A.P. Biology and Crop of Curly Birch. Leningrad, LSU Publ., 1989. 228 p.
10. Ermakov V.I. Mechanisms of Birch Adaptation to the Conditions of the North. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1986. 144 p.
11. Ilinov A.A., Raevsky B.V. Genetic Diversity Comparative Evaluation of Pinus sylvestris L. and Picea x fennica (Regel) Kom. Native Populations and Clonal Seed Orchards in Russian Karelia. Ekologicheskaya genetika [Ecological Genetics], 2015, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 55–67. DOI: 10.17816/ecogen13455-67
12. The Red Book of the Vladimir Region. Vladimir, Tranzit-IKS Publ., 2010. 399 p.
13. The Red Book of the Republic of Karelia. Petrozavodsk, Kareliya Publ., 2007. 368 p.
14. Litvak P.V. Curly Birch (Betula verrucosa var. carelica Soc.) in Ukrainian Polesia. Український ботанічний журнал [Ukrainian Botanical Journal], 1968, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 103–106.
15. Markov M.V. Population Biology of Plants. Moscow, KMK Publ., 2012. 387 p.
16. Matveeva T.V., Mashkina O.S., Isakov Y.N., Lutova L.A. Molecular Passportization of Clones of Karelian Birch Using PCR with Semi-Specific Primers. Ekologicheskaya genetika [Ecological Genetics], 2008, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 18–23. DOI: 10.17816/ecogen6318-23
17. Milyutin L.I. Genetic and Evolutionary Bases of Forest System Stability. Lesovedenie [Russian Journal of Forest Science], 2003, no. 1, pp. 16–20.
18. Molotkov P.I. Development of Nature Wood Patterns in Curly Birch When Growing It in the Vicinity of Kharkov. Lesovodstvo i agrolesomelioratsiya, 1984, iss. 69, pp. 21–23.
19. Padutov V.E. Genetic Resources of Pine and Spruce in Belarus. Gomel, IL NAS Belarus, 2001. 144 p.
20. Padutov V.E., Khotyleva L.V., Baranov O.Yu., Ivanovskaya S.I. Genetic Effects of Transformation of Forest Ecosystems. Ekologicheskaya genetika [Ecological Genetics], 2008, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 3–11. DOI: 10.17816/ecogen613-11
21. Pobirushko V.F. Distribution and Variability of Karelian Birch in Belarus. Botany: Collection of Academic Papers. Minsk, Navuka i tekhnika Publ., 1992, iss. 31, pp. 31–39.
22. Popov S.Yu. Coenotic Distribution and Ecological Preferences of Betula pendula and Betula pubescens in Central Russia. Zhurnal obshchey biologii [Journal of General Biology], 2017, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 61–73.
23. Saks K.A., Bander V.L. Experience in Curly Birch Growing in the Latvian SSR. Forest Genetics, Selection, and Seed-Breeding. Petrozavodsk, Kareliya. Publ., 1970. C. 294–300.
24. Sokolov N.O. Curly Birch. Petrozavodsk, Gosudarstvennoye izdatelstvo Karelo-Finskoy SSR, 1950. 116 p.
25. Soulé M.E. Thresholds for Survival: Maintaining Fitness and Evolutionary Potential. Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective. Translated into Russian. Ed. by M.E. Soulé, B.M. Wilcox. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1983, pp. 177–196.
26. Franklin I.R. Evolutionary Changes in Small Populations. Conservation Biology: An Evolutionary-Ecological Perspective. Translated into Russian. Ed. by M.E. Soulé, B.M. Wilcox. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1983, pp. 160–174.
27. Hedrick P.W. Genetics of Populations. Translated into Russian. Moscow, Technosphera Publ., 2003. 588 p.
28. Shigapov Z.Kh. Intraspecific Variability and Differentiation of Species of the Pinaceae Family in the Urals: Dr. Biol. Sci. Diss. Abs. Perm, 2005. 47 p.
29. Yablokov A.V. Population Biology. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1987, 303 p.
30. Consensus Document on the Biology of European White Birch (Betula pendula Roth). Series on Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight in Biotechnology, No. 28. Paris, OECD, 2003. 46 p.
31. Emanuelsson J. The Natural Distribution and Variation of Curly Birch (Betula pendula Roth var. carelica (Merkl.) Sok.) in Sweden: Examensarbete i ämnet skogsskötsel. Umeå, Institutionen för skogsskötsel sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 1999. 54 p.
32. Etholén K. Kokemuksia visakoivun kasvatuksesta lapissa [Experimental Growing of Curly Birch in Finnish Lapland]. Silva Fennica, 1978, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 264–274. DOI: 10.14214/sf.a14865
33. Hagqvist R., Mikkola A. Visakoivun kasvatus ja käyttö. Metsäkustannus Oy, 2008. 168 s.
34. Hejtmánek J. Betula pendula var. carelica Sokolov v Československu. Preslia, 1957, vol. 29, pp. 264–268.
35. Isidorov V.A., Marcin S., Vetchinnikova L. Inheritance of Specific Secondary Volatile Metabolites in Buds of White Birch Betula pendula and Betula pubescens Hybrids. Trees, 2019, vol. 33, iss. 5, pp. 1329–1344. DOI: 10.1007/s00468-019-01861-2
36. Kleinschmit J. Konsequenzen aus Birkenzüchtung für die forstliche Praxis. Forst und Holz, 2002, Jg. 57, Nr. 15/16, S. 470–475.
37. Kosonen M., Leikola M., Hagqvist R., Mikkola A., Välitalo H. Visakoivu [Curly Birch]. Metsälehti Kustannus, 2004. 208 p.
38. Lindquist B. Forstgenetik in der schwedischen Waldbaupraxis. Radebene und Berlin, Neumann Verlag, 1954. 156 S.
39. Mikkelä H. Guide to the Montell Trail in the Punkaharju Experimental Area. Helsinki, Finnish Forest Research Institute, 1992. 27 p.
40. Pagan J., Paganová V. Breza biela svalcovita (Betula alba L. var. carelika Merk.) na Slovensku [Curly Birch in Slovakia]. Zvolen, Technicka univerzita, 1994. 75 s.
41. Paganová V. Analysis of Inheritance and Growth of Curly Birch Progenies from Controlled Hybridisation and Possibilities of their Utilisation for Timber Production in Agricultural Landscape. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2004, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 51–62. DOI: 10.17221/3700-CJGPB
42. Saarnio R. Viljeltyjen visakoivikoiden laatu ja kehitys Etelä-Suomessa [The Quality and Development of Cultivated Curly-Birch (Betula verrucosa f. carelica Sok.) Stands in Southern Finland], Folia Forestalia, 1976, no. 263, pp. 1–28.
43. Schenk M.F., Thienpont C.-N., Koopman W.J.M., Gilissen L.J.W.J., Smulders M.J.M. Phylogenetic Relationships in Betula (Betulaceae) Based on AFLP Markers. Tree Genetics and Genomes, 2008, vol. 4, pp. 911–924. DOI: 10.1007/s11295-008-0162-0
44. Scholz E. Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Braunmaserbirke. Archiv für Forstwesen, 1963, Bd. 12, Nr. 12, S. 1243–1253.
45. Vάclav E. Rozšíření, stanovištní podmínky a růst svalcovité břízy (karelské) v Evropě. Sborník lesnické fakultyVŠZ v Praze, 1963, no. 6, s. 217–237.
46. Velling V.P., Viherä-Aarnio A., Rautanen J. Züсhtung und Anbau von Birke in Finland – eine Erfolgsstory? Forst und Holz, 2002, Jg. 57, Nr. 15/16, S. 459–465.
47. Urbanska K., Landolt E. Biologische Kenn wer von Pflanzenarten. Berichte des Geobotanischen Institutes der Eidg. Techn. Hochschule, Stiftung Rübel [Bulletin of the Geobotanical Institute of Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Stiflung Rübel], 1990, Bd. 56, S. 61–77.
48. Wang N., McAllister H.A., Bartlett P.R., Buggs R.J.A. Molecular Phylogeny and Genome Size Evolution of the Genus Betula (Betulaceae). Annals of Botany, 2016, vol. 117, iss. 6, pp. 1023–1035. DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw048

Received on August 10, 2019