Operating Efficiency Improvement of Machinery and Equipment while Logging in Forests with Radioactive Contamination

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 1MB )

UDС

674.093:630*

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2020-1-113-127

Abstract

Due to technogenic accidents at nuclear power plants, including the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, part of the forests of the Russian Federation was exposed to radioactive contamination. As a result, it established the conditions under which multipurpose use of forests and forest resources is impossible over the long run. These forests pose a serious environmental hazard due to the possibility of transfer of radioactive contamination to clean areas, because of the occurrence of antropogenic and natural fires. Logging and use of wood from such regions is an urgent issue, which provides environmental problem solving by reducing the possibility of recontamination with radionuclides of surroundings. One of the solutions within the given senario is our proposed technology for the integrated processing of wood contaminated with radionuclides based on internally powered mobile packages of machinery and equipment operating directly on the cutting area or self-propelled vehicles in order to produce clear timber. Herewith, the arisen need to minimize the operating time of machines and equipment is capable of being achieved through the coordinated functioning of cutting machines with mobile equipment in terms of the volume of processed wood at each stage. Coordination of the production volumes of machines and equipment is possible through the creation and maintenance (consumption, replenishment and production) at a specific level of day-on-hand stocks for particular conditions. The operating modes of a set of machines as a whole are determined taking into account previously developed models, providing for an increase in the number and/or shift of machines and equipment functioning in logging operations. This problem solving approach will allow: to ensure the volume of production of a set of machines and equipment equal to the production volume of the leading equipment of the set; reduce the number of days required to harvest a given amount of wood; reduce the amount of pollutants (for example, carbon monoxide) that selfpropelled engines emit into the atmosphere.

Authors

A.N. Zaikin¹, Doctor of Engineering, Assoc. Prof.; ORCID: 0000-0002-1831-6893
A.S. Toropov², Doctor of Engineering, Prof.; ORCID: 0000-0003-4414-2505
B.M. Merkelov¹, Candidate of Engineering, Assoc. Prof; 
V.V. Sivakov¹, Candidate of Engineering, Assoc. Prof.; ResearcherID: R-7264-2019, ORCID: 0000-0002-0175-9030

Affiliation

¹Bryansk State Engineering Technological University, prosp. Stanke Dimitrova, 3, Bryansk, 241037, Russian Federation; e-mail: Zaikin.Anatolij@yandex.ru, merkelov55@mail.ru, svv000@yandex.ru
²Volga State University of Technology, pl. Lenina, 3, Yoshkar-Ola, Republic of Mari El, 424000, Russian Federation; e-mail: ToropovAS@mail.ru

Keywords

radionuclides, contamination, longitudinal cutting, recycling, cutting area, set of machines, stem, sawn timber

For citation

Zaikin A.N., Toropov A.S., Merkelov B.M., Sivakov V.V. Operating Efficiency Improvement of Machinery and Equipment while Logging in Forests with Radioactive Contamination. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 1, pp. 113–127. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-1-113-127

References

1. Instead of Logs, Boards are Brought from the Forest. Lesnaya gazeta, 1992, p. 2.
2. Gomonay M.V., Nikishov V.D. The Mobile System of the Machines for Complex Conversion Wood. Lesnoy vestnik [Forestry Bulletin], 2006, no. 6, pp. 87–92.
3. Dusha-Gudym S.I. Forest Fires on Radionuclide Contaminated Territories. Guarding and Protection of Forest, Mechanization, Using of Forest: Obzornaya informatsiya, 1993, vol. 9, pp. 1–50.
4. Zaikin A.N. Simulation of Logging Machines Operation Modes. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2009, no. 1, pp. 71–77. URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/27d/27d123e35cbb74f7f17b1974f6f195da.pdf
5. Zaikin A.N. Simulation of Logging Processes as Basis of Lowering Negative Impact of Forest Machines on Forest Ecosystems. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2009, no. 2, pp. 72–77. URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/244/244de442e67d07dd7665ef8af5c5d311.pdf
6. Zaikin A.N., Merkelov V.M. Technology and Equipment for Harvesting and Processing of Timber, Contaminated with Radionuclides. Bryansk, BGITA Publ., 2012. 266 p.
7. Zaikin A.N., Merkelov V.M. Technology Use Wood from the Territories Affected by Radioactive Contamination. Issues of Waste Reclamation of Household, Industrial and Agricultural Production: Collection of Reports of the 4th International Scientific Environmental Conference, Krasnodar, March 24–25, 2015. Krasnodar, KubSAU Publ., 2015, part 2, pp. 573–575.
8. Klimov O.G., Doronicheva E.G. On the Air Concentration of Pollutants Emitted Forestry Equipment. Lesnoye khozyaystvo, 2003, no. 4, p. 48.
9. Klimushev N.K. Automation of Selection of Machine Systems for CTL Logging of Wood. Proceedings of International Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of V.E. Pechenkin. Yoshkar-Ola, MarSTU Publ., 2001, pp. 54–55.
10. Klimushev N.K. Methods and Models of Timber Inventory Management: Monograph. Ukhta, USTU Publ., 2001. 76 p.
11. Klimushev N.K. Computation Methods of Timber Stocks. Efficient Use of Forest Resources: Proceedings of International Scientific and Practical Conference Dedicated to the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of V.E. Pechenkin. Yoshkar-Ola, MarSTU Publ., 2001, pp. 190–192.
12. Klimushev N.K. Optimization of Machine Systems for Assortment Logging in the Komi Republic. Collection of Academic Papers of USTU. Ukhta, 2002, iss. 5, pp. 85–88.
13. Kotov A.S. Radiation Situation in the Forests of Bryansk Region. Bezopasnost’ okruzhayushchey sredy, 2008, no. 2, pp. 68–72.
14. Mashchenko T.V. The Use of Wood in the Construction Sector Depending on the Conditions of Growth in Radioactive Contaminated Areas: Cand. Agric. Sci. Diss. Bryansk, 1999. 159 p. 
15. Merkelov V.M., Makeyeva A.A. Mobile Units for the Wood Processing, Contaminated with Radionuclides. Current Issues and Prospects of the Timber Industry Development: Proceedings of the 2nd International Scientific and Engineering Conference. Kostroma, KGTU Publ., 2013, pp. 132–134.
16. Justification of Resource-Saving Technologies of the Timber Industry, Adapted to the Natural Conditions of Perm Krai, with Cost Minimization for Reforestation: Interim Research Report. Directed by Yakimovich S.B. State Contract with the Ministry of Industry and Natural Resources of the Perm Krai No. 01.29/07. Yoshkar-Ola, 2007. 500 p.
17. Toropov A.S., Zaikin A.N., Merkulov V.M. Peculiarities of Processing of Wood Polluted by Radioactive Nuclides. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2017, no. 1, pp. 119–128. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.1.119; URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/ iblock/fc9/toropov.pdf
18. Toropov A.S., Merkelov V.M., Krasnova V.F. Modeling Principles for Cutting the Wood, Polluted by the Radionuclides. Vestnik KrasGAU [The Bulletin of KrasGAU], 2011, no. 5, pp. 7–11.
19. Tsygarova M.V. Reference Materials for Technical and Economic Assessment. Ukhta, USTU Publ., 2008. 51 p.
20. Yakimovich C.B. Statement of the Problem of Optimum and Governing a Syntheses for Aggregates of Technological Processes of Logging. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta lesa – Lesnoy vestnik [Forestry Bulletin], 2005, no. 6, pp. 86–89.
21. Yakimovich S.B., Volodin I.Yu. Formation of Sets of Logging Machine Based on the State Distribution of the Subject of Labor along the Technological Process Route. Lesnoy vestnik [Forestry Bulletin], 2001, no. 2, pp. 128–136.
22. Yakimovich S.B., Efimov Yu.V. Possibilities for reducing the energy density in the production of sawn timber in the cutting area. Aktual’nyye problemy lesnogo kompleksa. 2009, iss. 22, pp. 227–228.
23. Calabrese M., Quarantotto M., Cantaluppi C., Fasson A., Bogoni P. Quality Characteristics and Radioactive Contamination of Wood Pellet Imported in Italy. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 2015, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 183–190. DOI: 10.4236/ojapps.2015.55018
24. Hus M., Košutić K., Lulić S. Radioactive Contamination of Wood and Its Products. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2001, vol. 55, iss. 2, pp. 179–186. DOI: 10.1016/S0265-931X(00)00191-0
25. McCabe L.C. Wood-Burning Incinerators ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, 1952, vol. 44(4), pp. 111A–114A. DOI: 10.1021/ie50508a008 
26. Panfilov A.V., Uspenskaya E.Ju. Rehabilitation of Radioactive Contaminated Forests. Radiation Legacy of the 20th Century: Environmental Restoration. Vienna, IAEA, 2002, pp. 329–336.
27. Smith C.B., Amiro B.D., Lewis G., MacAulay Ed., Stauber D. Environmental Assessment of Radiological Consequences for Forestry in Contaminated Areas of the Republic of Belarus. Final Report: Fire Management Mission. Vol. 5. Report No. E41. Belarus – Forestry Sector Development Project. Denmark, AECL, 1993. 23 p. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/571081468206692053/Final-report-firemanagement-mission (accessed 06.02.19).
28. Szekely J.G., Amiro B.D., Rasmussen L.R., Ford B. Environmental Assessment of Radiological Consequences for Forestry in Contaminated Areas of the Republic of Belarus. Report. Vol. 1. Report No. E41. Belarus – Forestry Sector Development Project. Denmark, AECL, 1994. 57 p. Available at: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/ 955151468205155942/Report (accessed 06.02.19). 
29. Zaikin A.N., Mukovnina M.V., Nikitin V.V. Scherbakov E.N. Reducing Industrial Impact on Forest Ecosystems by Improving the Organization of Harvesting Operations. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov, Series II: Forestry, Wood Industry, Agricultural Food Engineering, 2018, vol. 11, no. 60, pp. 69–76. 

Received on February 6, 2019