Barrier and Strength Properties of Agar-Agar Coated Sack Paper. P. 169–178

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 0.9MB )

UDС

676.26

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2025-6-169-178

Abstract

Samples of M78 sack paper coated with agar-agar (a biodegradable polymer produced from brown and red algae) with a thickness of 15–70 μm have been obtained. It has been shown that when an aqueous solution, containing agar-agar is applied to sack paper, a continuous elastic coating is formed, with part of the polymer penetrating into the volume of the paper, filling the interfiber space and, possibly, the macro- and micropores of the fibers themselves. As the thickness of the polymer coating grows, the drip absorbency of the material increases and then reaches a certain stable value (taking into account the experimental error). It has been found that the thickness of the agar-agar coating of 40 μm is sufficient to impart barrier properties to sack paper with respect to the action of moisture. In this case, the drip absorbency of coated paper will be equal to ~1000 s, and the absorbency at full immersion will be ~40 %. To evaluate the mechanical properties of pulp and paper materials, a method is proposed for determining the strength properties of the obtained samples, implying a comprehensive deformation of the samples, allowing for anisotropy to be neglected. It has been shown that the tangential stiffness values of sack paper coated with agar-agar is 15–20 % higher than that of the original paper. A mechanism for this strengthening has been developed, which consists in the following. When a load is applied to the paper material, its destruction occurs due to both the rupture of cellulose fibers and the separation of fibers from each other. In case of a lack of binder, the load is transferred from fiber to fiber only by means of friction force. In paper, the surface layer of which is impregnated with agar-agar, the load from fiber to fiber goes through the polymer, therefore the deformation and strength properties increase. The nature of cellulose fibers and agar-agar ensures the manifestation of good adhesion between them. It has been concluded that agar-agar coated sack paper is environmentally friendly, since both of its components are biodegradable.

Authors

Lyaysan R. Galeeva^1, Сandidate of Engineering; ResearcherID: AAE-8448-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9004-4549
Alina A. Khadeeva¹, Postgraduate Student; ResearcherID: NBW-6648-2025, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7756-3770
Samat N. Yakupov², Сandidate of Engineering; ResearcherID: R-6951-2016, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0047-3679
Ekaterina I. Baygildeeva¹, Сandidate of Engineering; ResearcherID: OLR-1648-2025, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-7544

Affiliation

¹Kazan National Research Technological University, ul. K. Marksa, 68, Kazan, 420015, Russian Federation; l.musina@yandex.ru, khadeeva1999@mail.ru, baigildeeva_e_i@mail.ru
²Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lobachevskogo, 2/31, Kazan, 420111, Russian Federation; tamas_86@mail.ru

Keywords

sack paper, agar-agar, drip absorbency, water absorption, tangential stiffness, biodegradability

For citation

Galeeva L.R., Khadeeva А.А., Yakupov S.N., Baygildeeva E.I. Barrier and Strength Properties of Agar-Agar Coated Sack Paper. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2025, no. 6, pp. 169–178. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2025-6-169-178

References

1. Basirova S.I., Galikhanov M.F., Galeeva L.R. Surface Properties of Modified Cardboard. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2019, no. 6, pp. 233–240. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.6.233

2. Eshbaeva U.Zh., Ismailova G.I., Nishonov A.M., Abdualimova L.Z. Сharacteristic of the Paper, Containing Waste Poliakrilamid. Universum: tekhnicheskie nauki: Electronic Scientific Journal, 2021, no. 7(88), part 2, pp. 30–33. (In Russ.).

3. Zakharov I.V., Zakharova N.L., Kanarskiy A.V., Okulova E.O., Kazakov Ya.V., Dul’kin D.A. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cardboard Processed by Biomodified Gluten. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2017, no. 6, pp. 135–144. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.6.135

4. Ivanov S.N. Paper Technology: Textbook. 4th ed. Moscow, Vologda, Infra-Inzheneriya Publ., 2022. 696 p. (In Russ.).

5. Mushtari Kh.M., Galimov K.Z. Nonlinear Theory of Elastic Shells. Kazan, Tatknigoizdat Publ., 1957. 431 p. (In Russ.).

6. Nazmieva A.I., Galikhanov M.F., Musina L.R., Nafikova A.R., Almetova G.F. The Influence of Wheat Native Starch and Corona Discharge on the Properties of Sack Paper. Vestnik Kazanskogo tekhnologicheskogo universiteta = Herald of Technological University, 2015, vol. 18, no. 16, pp. 151–153. (In Russ.).

7. Rigin V.V. Composition for Creating a Protective Layer on the Surface of Paper. Patent RU 2805748 C2, 2023. (In Russ.).

8. Timoshenko A.B., Nikandrov A.B. Effective Chemicals for Retention and Dehydration of the Pulp in the Production of Cardboard from Waste Paper. Sovremennaya tsellulozno-bumazhnaya promyshlennost’. Aktual’nye zadachi i perspektivnye resheniya = Modern Pulp and Paper Industry. Current Challenges and Promising Solutions: Proceedings of the II International Scientific and Technical Conference of Young Scientists and Pulp and Paper Specialists. St. Peterburg, Higher School of Technology and Energy of the Saint Petersburg Saint Petersburg State Technological University of Plant Polymers, 2021, vol. II, pp. 71–76. (In Russ.).

9. Filatov N.M., Uvarov B.A., Apanovich N.A. Polyester Varnishes and Enamels for Container Protection. Moscow, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 2015. 232 p. (In Russ.).

10. Yakupov N.M., Galimov N.K., Yakupov S.N. Methodology of Studying Non-Planar Films and Membranes of Complex Structure. Zavodskaya laboratoriya. Diagnostika materialov = Industrial Laboratory Diagnostics of Materials, 2019, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 55–59. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2019-85-2-55-59

11. Basyrova S.I., Galikhanov M.F., Shaymukhametova I.F., Bogdanova S.A. The Influence of the Unipolar Corona Discharge on Surface Energy of Modified Cardboard. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2019, vol. 2174, iss. 1, art. no. 020203. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5134354

12. Galikhanov M.F., Galeeva L.R., Nazmieva A.I. Strengthening of Paper Materials under the Action of Unipolar Corona Discharge by Increasing the Level of Interaction between Cellulose Fibers. Fibre Chemistry, 2020, vol. 51, pp. 387–391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10692-020-10117-6

13. Kanie O., Ishikawa H., Ohta S., Kitaoka T., Tanaka H. Study on Characteristics of Paper Laminated with Biodegradable Plastics, 1. Burial Test in Soil. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 2002. vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 89–96. https://doi.org/10.5109/24463

14. Kanie O., Tanaka H., Mayumi A., Kitaoka T., Wariishi H. Composite Sheets with Biodegradable Polymers and Paper, the Effect of Paper Strengthening Agents on Strength Enhancement, and an Evaluation of Biodegradability. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2005, vol. 96, iss. 3, pp. 861–866. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.21523

15. Rastogi V.K., Samyn P. Bio-Based Coatings for Paper Applications. Coatings, 2015, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 887–930. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings5040887

16. Tanpichai S., Srimarut Y., Woraprayote W., Malila Y. Chitosan Coating for the Preparation of Multilayer Coated Paper for Food-Contact Packaging: Wettability, Mechanical Properties, and Overall Migration. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2022, vol. 213, pp. 534–545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.193

17. Wang Y., Zhang X., Kan L., Shen F., Ling H., Wang X. All-Biomass-Based Eco-Friendly Waterproof Coating for Paper-Based Green Packaging. Green Chemistry, 2022, iss. 24, pp. 7039–7048. https://doi.org/10.1039/D2GC02265F

18. Yakupov S.N. Influence of Scratches on the Stiffness Properties of Thin-Walled Elements. Lobachevskii Journal of Mathematics, 2019, vol. 40, рp. 834–839. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995080219060258

19. Zhang S., Sun P., Lin X., Wang H., Huang X., Liu H., Xu X. Strong, High Barrier, Water- and Oil-Resistant Cellulose Paper-Based Packaging Material Enabled by Polyvinyl Alcohol-Bentonite Coordination Interactions. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2025, vol. 285, art. no. 138076. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138076

20. Zhu R., He Z., Sun C., Jin S., Ma R., Zhang D., Long Z. Fabrication of Recyclable High-Barrier Water- and Oil-Proof Paper by Sodium Alginate/Cellulose Nanofiber/Ethyl Cellulose/Polyvinyl Butyral. Industrial Crops and Products, 2023, vol. 203, art. no. 117084. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117084