Natural Regeneration of Spruce in the Small-Leaved Forests in the North of Russia

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 0.5MB )

UDС

630*2

DOI:

10.17238/issn0536-1036.2016.3.52

Abstract

The paper presents the issues of natural regeneration under the canopy of the small-leaved forests in the North of the European part of Russia. The study was conducted in the bilberry birch and aspen forests of different age. The natural spruce regeneration in the North under the canopy of small-leaved forests runs in a prosperous groove. Something like 4.4 thousand ind./ha of undergrowth are under the canopy of the birch forests. Among the total number there are more than 3 thousand ind./ha of spruce undergrowth that is enough to restore the spruce forests due to the silvicultural requirements and technologies in the logging opera-tions. The spruce undergrowth in the aspen forests is mostly located in the mid-taiga sub-zone (an average of 2.8 thousand ind./ha), which is also sufficient for their reformation in the hardwood spruce and spruce plantations. Spruce reforestation in the aspen forests in the Northern taiga subzone is unsatisfactory. No more than 1 thousand ind./ha of young spruce and about 0.6 ind./ha of birch are observed here. The state of the spruce undergrowth under the canopy of the birch and aspen forests is unsatisfactory, but it can be improved by selec-tive and gradual felling. The total number of spruce undergrowth and especially the share of large undergrowth under the canopy of small-leaved forests decrease from north to south, and the share of small young growth increases. The birch forests of the northern subzone differ from the middle subzone by high content of undergrowth under the canopy. The aver-age age and height of the spruce undergrowth in the bilberry birch forests of the northern subzone compared to the middle subzone is 10 years elder; they are 48 and 38 years, and 2.5 and 1.4 m, respectively. The share of broadleaved species in the reforestation process of the birch and aspen forests ranges from 10 to 28 %. The main representative in the undergrowth is birch (82 %). The share of aspen in the young growth in the birch forests does not exceed 6 %, in the aspen forests it rises up to 17 %.

Authors

L.V. Zarubina, Candidate of Agricultural Sciences, Associate Professor

Affiliation

Vologda State Dairy Farming Academy by N.V. Vereshchagin, Schmidt str., 2, Molochnoe, Vologda, 160555, Russian Federation; e-mail: Liliva270975@yandex.ru

Keywords

reforestation, undergrowth, birch forest, aspen forest.

References

1. Alekseev V.A. Svetovoy rezhim lesa [Forest Light Status]. Leningrad, 1975. 227 p.
2. Alekseev P.V. Cherespolosno-pasechnye kompleksnye rubki v bereznyakakh [Alternate Strip Felling and Strip Complex Felling in the Birch Forests]. Lesnaya promyshlennost', 1992, no. 2, pp. 17–18.
3. Belyaeva N.V., Gryaz'kin A.V. Transformatsiya struktury molodogo pokoleniya eli posle provedeniya nesploshnykh rubok [Structure Transformation of the Spruce Young Generation After Selective Cutting]. Lesnoy zhurnal, 2012, no. 6, pp. 44–51.
4. Vyalykh N.I., Anikeeva V.A., Zasukhin D.P., Seryy V.S., Konovalov V.N. Estestvennoe lesovozobnovlenie na vyrubkakh elovykh lesov severnoy podzony taygi [Nat-ural Regeneration in the Felling of the Spruce Forests of the Northern Subzone of Taiga]. Lesovodstvenno-ekonomicheskie voprosy vosproizvodstva lesnykh resursov Evropeyskogo Severa [Silvicultural and Economic Issues of Reproduction of Forest Resources of the European North]. Arkhangelsk, 2000, pp. 61–73.
5. Gryaz'kin A.V. Vozobnovitel'nyy potentsial taezhnykh lesov (Na primere el'nikov Severo-Zapada Rossii) [Regeneration Potential of Taiga Forests (as Exemplified by the Spruce Forests of the North-West of Russia). Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical Academy, 2001. 188 p.
6. Dmitrieva E.V. El'niki severo-zapadnoy chasti Karel'skogo peresheyka [Spruce Forests of the North-Western Part of the Karelian Isthmus]. Lesovedenie [Russian Journal of Forest Science], 1973, no. 2, pp. 51–64.
7. Zheldak V.I. Programma NIR po teme 3.1/1 “Razrabotka ekologicheski be-zopasnykh i ekologicheski effektivnykh regional'nykh sistem vedeniya lesnogo khozyaystva i tekhnologiy, obespechivayushchikh povyshenie produktivnosti i ustoychivosti lesov” [The R&D Program on the Topic 3.1/1 “Development of the Environmentally Friendly and Environmentally Effective Regional Systems of Forest Management and Technologies to Increase the Productivity and Sustainability of Forests”]. Pushkino, 2001. 79 p.
8. Zarubina L.V. Ekologo-biologicheskie osobennosti postepennykh rubok v berez-nyakakh chernichnykh severnoy podzony taygi: avtoref. dis. … kand. s.-kh. nauk [Ecological and Biological Characteristics of the Gradual Felling in the Bilberry Birch Forests of the Northern Taiga Subzone: Cand. Agric. Sci. Diss. Abs.]. Bryansk, 2004. 19 p.
9. Zarubina L.V., Konovalov V.N. Ekologo-fiziologicheskie osobennosti eli v berez-nyakakh chernichnykh [Ecological and Physiological Characteristics of Spruce in the Bilber-ry Birch Forests]. Arkhangelsk, 2014. 378 p.
10. Konovalov V.N., Zarubina L.V. Ekologo-biologicheskie osobennosti podrosta eli v melkolistvennykh lesakh taezhnoy zony [Ecological and Biological Features of Young Spruce in the Small-Leaved Forests of the Taiga Zone]. Nauka – Severnomu regionu [Sci-ence for the Northern Region]. Arkhangelsk, 2002, pp. 91–96.
11. Melekhov I.S. Rubki glavnogo pol'zovaniya [Final Felling Operations]. Moscow, 1962. 329 p.
12. Orlov A.Ya., Seryakov A.D. Formirovanie elovykh drevostoev iz podrosta na vyrubkakh melkolistvennykh lesov [Formation of Spruce Stands from the Undergrowth in the Felling of the Small-Leaved Forests]. Lesnoe khozyaystvo, 1991, no. 1, pp. 21–25.
13. OST 56-69–83. Ploshchadi probnye lesoustroitel'nye. Metod zakladki [Industrial Standard 56-69–83. Sampling Areas of Forest Management. The Establishment Method]. Moscow, 1984. 60 p.
14. Rubtsov M.V., Deryugin A.A. Zakonomernosti rosta eli pod pologom bereznya-kov v ontogeneze drevostoev [Patterns of Spruce Growth Under the Canopy of the Birch Forests in the Stand Ontogenesis]. Lesovedenie [Russian Journal of Forest Science], 2002, no. 5, pp. 18–25.
15. Trubin D.V. Vedenie lesnogo khozyaystva na Evropeyskom Severe Rossii [For-est Management in the European North of Russia]. Lesovosstanovlenie na Evropeyskom Severe (Materialy finsko-rossiyskogo seminara po lesovosstanovleniyu). Finlyandiya, Vuo-katti, 28.09 – 02.10.1998 [Reforestation in the European North (Proc. Finnish-Russian Sem-inar on Reforestation. Finland, Vuokatti, 28.09. – 02.10.1998)]. Finland, 2000, pp. 25–31.
16. Trubin D.V., Tret'yakov S.V., Koptev S.V. Dinamika i perspektivy leso-pol'zovaniya v Arkhangel'skoy oblasti [Dynamics and Prospects of the Forest Management in Arkhangelsk Region]. Arkhangelsk, 2000. 96 p.
17. Chibisov G.A., Ipatov L.F. Formirovanie molodykh lesov i puti uluchsheniya ikh porodnogo sostava [Formation of the Young Forests and the Approaches of Improvement of Their Species Composition]. Lesa i lesnoe khozyaystvo Vologodskoy oblasti [Forests and the Forestry in Vologda Region]. Vologda, 1971, pp. 128–147.
18. Chuprov N.P. O roli podrosta eli v formirovanii elovo-berezovykh nasazhdeniy [On the Role of Young Spruce in the Formation of Spruce and Birch Stands]. Lesnoe kho-zyaystvo, 1963, no. 5, pp. 7–9.
19. Chuprov N.P. Bereznyaki Evropeyskogo Severa Rossii [Birch Forests оf the European North оf Russia]. Arkhangelsk, 2008. 386 p.
Received on February 04, 2015