Aphyllophorales in the Urban Plantations of Arkhangelsk Region

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UDС

632:631.963 (470.11)

DOI:

10.17238/issn0536-1036.2016.2.59

Abstract

The urban plantations are unique ecosystems where the introduced and native species as well as the natural ecological and urban regimes are combined. One of the disease group, distributed here, are stem and branch rots, caused by xylotrophic (primarily aphyllophorales) fungus. The aim of the paper is the revealing of biodiversity of aphyllophorales of trees and shrubs of the green plantations and the comparative ecological and trophic and geographical analysis with green plantations to demonstrate some significant differences between them. The objects of the research were the green plantations of the cities in Arkhangelsk region: Arkhangelsk, Severodvinsk, Novodvinsk, Shenkursk, Velsk and Koryazhma, and the single-purpose objects as the dendrogarden of Northern Research Institute of Forestry and the arbo-retum of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. The material was collected during the sum-mer monitoring of green plantations. The identification of the material was carried out by the Russian and foreign field guides. The assembled collection is stored in the herbarium of Institute of Ecological Problems of the North of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The spe-cies diversity of aphyllophorales in urban plantations is significantly poorer than in forest
ecosystems. Only here Athelia fibulata, Dentipellis fragilis, Hyphoderma cremeoalbum, Hyphodontia verruculosa, Vuilleminia comedens are identified on the exotic species. The other species were found in forest ecosystems. The greatest number of species was regis-tered on native woody species. Such species as Oxyporus populinus, Phellinus populicola, Ph. tremulae were registered on the living trees. The Oxyporus populinus level of elms, ma-ples, lindens and poplars can reach up to 17 % and more. At the same time Creolophus cir-rhatus, Fomitopsis pinicola, Inonotus obliquus, Hericium coralloides, Piptoporus pseudo-betulinus, Phellinus conchatus, Ph. igniarius, Ph. nigricans, Polyporus squamosus were observed on the living and dead trunks. Fruit bodies were registered in the parts of mechani-cal damage of stems, hollows and at the base of thick old dying and dead branches. A great-er percentage of fruit bodies was recorded simultaneously in dry and dead wood indicating a more rapid weakening of the trees, smaller stability and the absence of forest sanitation. The multizone and multiregional species, widely distributed in the world, predominate here. Concerning to the age structure, the species with annual and annual wintering dominate. Fungus, caused white rot, compose up to 91,9 % due to the absolute predominance of broad-leaved species over the territory. In green plantations the substitution of hygrophilous spe-cies by xerophilous species with stable positions of mesophilic species is observed. The spe-cies with monomitic hyphal system predominate. The findings extend the idea of the species diversity of aphyllophorales in plantations of Arkhangelsk region. The mycobiota of urban plantations has specific features that differ substantially from forest plantations in the re-gion. The obtained data can be used in the monitoring of green plantations and for the forest sanitation planning.

Authors

O.N. Ezhov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor

Affiliation

Institute of Ecological Problems of the North, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 23, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russian Federation; e-mail: olegezhik@gmail.com

Keywords

introduced and native trees and shrubs, aphyllophorales, ecological and trophic analysis, geographic relations.

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Received on February 5, 2014