Chromatography-Auxanometry and Chromate-Mass-Auxanometry in Forest Species Vegetation Phenological Monitoring Based on Gas and Flavor Chemical Principles with Patterns Automatic Identification

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UDС

58.02+58.056+58.055+58.03+58.087+58.084

DOI:

10.17238/issn0536-1036.2015.5.34

Abstract

A new ideology for direct auxanometric measurements is proposed, which allows to analyze growth dynamics at different developmental stages. The above measurements include long-term monitoring using optical analysis with direct mass spectroscopic and gas chromatographic detection. Based on the known flavor differences оf blooming plants at various phenological stages, we propose to distinguish phenological stage dynamics of various plant species and groups according to modern trends in flavor chemistry. It is possible to perform a simultaneous chemical analysis and automatic classification of forest plants in model plant communities according to their phenorhythm types and phenological groups with the approach described using automatic pattern recognition and fingerprinting. The novel method can also provide phenospectral data ranging useful for establishing the dependence of plant growth and developmental stage phenology on the environmental factors. Since the method is based on combination of several different measurement sources, it possesses a wide application in laboratory climatic chambers as well as in natural field conditions with the equipment placed in meteorological instrument shelter like the abundant tools for meteo-climatic monitoring. In this paper we propose a novel auxanometric system which is fundamentally different from all the previously known analogues, as it allows a simultaneous monitoring of forest plant species growth together with plant development stages. Unlike the quantitative approach in standard auxanometric measurement techniques with the shoot elongation, our system implements a comprehensive qualitative growth dynamics criterion including one-to-one correspondence between the chemical analysis of plant molecular emission and the environmental conditions variations, that allows to analyze the  feedback between the plant growth/development  and the environmental parameter variation. This is provided by the fact that the automatic system during operation in different modes after pattern recognition learning (with the subsequent completion of the database) allows us to investigate and simulate not only a single plant development pattern characteristic of a certain standard feature space, but also to study experimentally the response of the ecological feature structure upon the changing of external factors. The above strategy leads to the emergence of phenological, simulating-biogeographical, biometeorological, bioclimatological and ecology-physiological approaches in auxanometry. The system proposed parameter variation in the course of the germination/elongation process monitoring as needed (if it is possible within the biotron, climatic chamber or the greenhouse used for germination/elongation of forest plant species), with the following addition of the spectral and chromatographic data in the form of correlation patterns into the database for subsequent comparison. In the case of experimental phelonological spectral plant germination/elongation with the described system it is possible to program and control the temperature using a feedback and thus to predict vegetation initiation accurately. This can be implemented by summing the effective temperatures or their trend detection, which allows to reconstruct the sequence of germination or vegetation  of individual plant forms in correlation with the characteristic parameters of the artificial climate (for example, if known that for maple (g. Acer) the sum of effective temperatures is 156.2 °С, and for linden (g. Tilia) – 739 °С, it is obvious that in the thermal ranking database the linden will be behind the maple). Due to this fact the auxanometric described system allows automatic classification of forest plants in the model plant communities on a set of characteristics according to the phenorhythm types or phenological groups using a more scaled classification than in outdated systems. The same fact allows monitoring in a climate chamber parameter regulation mode by the plant feedback registration using their molecular emission sensors in a controlled physical environment, i.e. the registered parameters from the detector can be considered as a signal changing the chamber operation mode. The described system operates in a wide range of conditions and possesses an amount of different application fields, so it is worth being recommended for implementation  in both field and laboratory practice of forest engineering.

Authors

O.V. Gradov, Research Assistant, Principal Engineer

Affiliation

Institute of Energy Problems of Сhemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy pr., 38/2, Moscow, 119334,  Russia; e-mail: o.v.gradov@gmail.com

Keywords

flavor chemistry, gas chemistry, optical spectroscopy, auxanometry, gas chromatography, gas chromate-mass-spectrometry, phenological monitoring.

References

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