The Morphological Characteristic and Dynamics of Radial Growth of the Siberian Juniper (Juniperus Sibirica Burgsd.) of Sakhalin and Kamchatka

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UDС

674.032.477.62

DOI:

10.17238/issn0536-1036.2015.4.44

Abstract

Species of Juniperus, like many other types of Cupressaceae, are the most long-lived among species of Regnum Vegetabile. So, many of them often serve as targets for dendrochronology and dendroclimatology studies. In paper the results of morphological, anatomical study and dendrochronology researches of Siberian juniper, growing in the central part of Sakhalin and on Kamchatka, are resulted. The Siberian juniper (Juniperus sibirica Burgsd.) in morphology is rather similar to common juniper (J. communis L.). Therefore, many authors the stunted and elfin forms J. communis often perceive as J. sibirica. Plants of a Siberian juniper, growing on Sakhalin and Kamchatka, represent small bushes of elfin wood forms, with long plagiotropic skeletal branches in length of 2,5-3,5 m, rising over a soil surface on 40-150 cm. Morphological and anatomical studying has shown similarity of structures of vegetative and reproductive organs between Siberian juniper (J. sibirica), growing on Sakhalin and Kamchatka and common juniper (J. communis), living in Europe, behind an exception of distinctions in habitus and small differences in colouring of shoots. At both species all basic tissues of needles (epidermis, hypoderma, conducting bundle, gum canal, transfusional tissue) have an identical structure and character of localization on cross-section mounts. The sizes of pollen grains, a sculpture of exine, the form, the sizes and character of placing of orbicules on a surface of pollen grains also have no visible distinctions. Absolute values of a radial gain of separate individuals of the Kamchatka junipers vary from 0,03 to 0,68 mm, at average value of 0,24 mm. Average value of an absolute radial gain of junipers from Sakhalin equally 0,40 mm, at separate individuals absolute values of a radial gain fluctuate here from 0,11 to 0,91 mm. Coefficients of variation of radial gains of Siberian juniper on Sakhalin and Kamchatka in most cases do not exceed 50 % that corresponds to the high and raised level of variability. In dynamics of radial gain of Siberian juniper, growing on Sakhalin and Kamchatka, different types of age curves of a radial gain have been revealed. The part of plants of the juniper, growing on Kamchatka differs in uniform growth on diameter and high amplitude of values of radial gains during all life cycle. A number of plants differs small values of a radial gain in the life beginning, and then - considerable increase of these values. All junipers, growing on Sakhalin, concern the same group also. The third group of plants is characterized by higher values of a radial gain at young age, i.e. reflects a curve of "the big growth». Average value of periodicity of cycles on gain minimum (Kamchatka - 10,2 years, Sakhalin - 8,8 years) above average values of periodicity of cycles on gain maxima (Kamchatka - 8,7 years, Sakhalin - 7,5 years). On maximum and on minimum of a gain of Siberian juniper, growing on Sakhalin and Kamchatka, short cycles with the periods 2, are most often shown 3 and 4 years. More duration of the periods cycles between minimum (Kamchatka - 40-51 year, Sakhalin - 26, 28 years), than between maximum (Kamchatka - 29-38 years, Sakhalin - 17, 20, 24 years) differ.

Authors

• M.V. Surso¹, Doctor of Agriculture, Senior Researcher
• O.S. Barzut², Candidate of Agriculture, Associate Professor
• A.I. Zaitsev¹, Postgraduate Student
• E.A. Pinaevskaya², Student
  
  ¹Institute of Ecological Problems of the North, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences,
  Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 23, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia;
  e-mail: surso@iepn.ru;
  ²The Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov,
  Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia;
  e-mail: steblik@atknet.ru

Affiliation

1. Institute of Ecological Problems of the North, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 23, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia; 2. The Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia

Keywords

Siberian juniper, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, vegetative and generative organs, radial growth

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