Group Composition and Free Acids of Extractive Substances of the Crown Parts of Siberian Larch

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Abstract

At the present time the problem of complex processing of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ldb.) is acute. Basically, in industry only larch stem portion is used. Thus, tree crown is utilized irrationally. Meanwhile, it is known that wood green tree is extremely riched in biologically active substances - that can be used in medicine, cosmetic and food industries, agriculture and industrial products. One of the reasons of such a selective approach to the use of tree parts is insufficient knowledge of component composition of tree green biomass. This report presents the results of a study on the major structural components of different parts of the tree crown: needles, bark and wood part of the shoots, the content of extractive substances, extracted with various organic solvents and water, as well as the group composition of resinous substances in the crown parts and the composition of free acids. It has been established that the greatest amount of essential oils and extractives are soluble in ethyl acetate and petroleum and diethyl ether are contained in the bark of the branches (1.96 % hereinafter by the weight of the dry materials). Extractives, extracted with hot water and isopropyl alcohol, predominate in the needles. The extractives, soluble in petroleum ether – is an important for practical using group of extractives, common in needle, bark and wood parts in the ratio 1:4, 2:1, 6. Their highest content is observed in the bark. The group composition is shown by the results of the separation of resinous substances into the groups on the acid-base scheme. The extractives of the needles mainly consist of neutral substances, while free acids are predominant in the bark. The extracts of bark and wood part contain more resin acids than extracts of needles, and the latter - more higher fatty acids. Free acids of the wood green and of each part of the crown were analyzed using the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry, after transforming them into methyl esters by treating with diazomethane. It has been stated that the free acids composition of separate parts of the wood green differs significantly. Needles are dominated by the higher fatty acids, mainly linoleic and palmitic ones. The bark and the wood part largely consist of resin acids, mostly  isopimaric one. No linolenic acid was found in the bark and wood part of the branches, and no oleic acid was found in the needles. Resin acids are presented by three types: isopimaric, abietic acid and labdane acids. The bicyclic acid – communic acid was found only in the bark and wood part of the branches. In all parts of the wood green we detected a fraction of  polar acids constituting up to 25 % of the acids.

Authors

A.V. Troshina, Postgraduate Student V.I. Roshchin, Doctor of Chemistry, Professor St. Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S.M. Kirov Institutskiy pereulok, 5, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia E-mail: aleksandra_troshina@mail.ru

Affiliation

St. Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S.M. Kirov

Keywords

Larix sibirica Ldb., wood green, resinous substances, structural components, group composition, free acids.

References

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