Influence of Reconstructive Cutting in Deciduous-Spruce Stands on Root Competition of Species. P. 99–112

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 0.5MB )

UDС

630*232+630*174.753

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2023-3-99-112

Abstract

The predominance of mixed forest stands in a productive forest fund, which is located in the middle taiga subzone of Northwest Russia, determines the relevance of an investigation of the growth and development characteristics of the trees. In secondary stands, created by an extensive human consumption of primary spruce stands, spruce trees are generally presented in a minor quantity. The recovery of their dominance is an urgent economic and ecological issue. Despite the unity of approaches concerning the maintenance of deciduous-spruce forests, the research characteristics on the structure of the root systems differ considerably along with age and geographical position. This article investigates a root system competition between spruce and deciduous species in a 70-year-old blueberry-type forest that was 100 thinning by a reconstructive cutting 35 years ago. The mass of fine roots and their distribution in the upper solid layers were examined by the method of soil monoliths in the mixed stands with different proportions of spruce. The numerical characteristics of the stands were determined by the results of a regular complete enumeration on the trail plots. Besides, the tree diameters were measured around the circular plots, which were made for the collection of the monoliths. The records were made on the dynamics of changes in forest floor thickness and vegetation. The relationship between the underground and elevated parts of the stands was explored. It was shown that the roots of spruce can occupy the same ecological niche as the roots of deciduous species. A correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the mass of fine spruce roots and the competitive influence of deciduous species, the proportion of spruce in the stand, and its current volume increment. There was a significant difference in spruce root mass under joint growth with birch and aspen. Therefore, it was concluded that this phenomenon has a complex nature. Namely, the mass of the spruce roots has a direct dependency on their closeness to the maternal trees in combination with the spatial heterogeneity of the organic soil layers. The gained findings are important for the regulation of the composition and structure of the mixed deciduous-spruce stands for growing sustainable stands with a high economic value.

Authors

Anna Yu. Karpechko*, Candidate of Agriculture; ResearcherID: AAL-8675-2020, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1693-2510
Sergey M. Sinkevich, Candidate of Agriculture, Assoc. Prof.; ResearcherID: B-6119-2018, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4523-8392

Affiliation

Forest Research Institute of the Karelian Research Centre of RAS, ul. Pushkinskaya, 11, Petrozavodsk, 185910, Russian Federation; anna.karpechko@gmail.com*, sergei.sinkevich@krc.karelia.ru

Keywords

spruce, birch, aspen, mixed stand, stand structure, soil, fine roots, competition, root competition, reconstructive cutting

Funding

The study was financed by the federal budget for the state assignment of the KRC RAS (Forest Research Institute of the KRC RAS).

For citation

Karpechko A.Yu., Sinkevich S.M. Influence of Reconstructive Cutting in Deciduous-Spruce Stands on Root Competition of Species. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 3, pp. 99–112. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-3-99-112

References

1. Bakhmet O.N., Sinkevich S.M. Accelerated Growing of II Tier Spruce – Perspectives and Limitations. Scientific Foundations of Sustainable Forest Management: Proceedings of the All-Russian Conference with International Participation, Moscow, October 25–27, 2016. Moscow, CEPF RAN Publ., 2016, pp. 70–71. (In Russ.).

2. Bobkova K.S. Spruce Forest. Bioproduction Process in the Forest Ecosystems of the North. Ed. by K.S. Bobkova, E.P. Galenko. Sankt Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 2001. pp. 52–67. (In Russ.).

3. Kajrjukshtis L.A., Karazija S.P. Specifics of Regeneration Change in Deciduous Stands with Spruce. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 1970, no. 4, pp. 3–12. (In Russ.).

4. Karpechko A.Yu. Influence of Thinning on Root Saturation of Spruce Stands Soil in Southern Karelia. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2009, no. 3, pp. 19–25. (In Russ.). http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/9f4/9f4207f441288c959efe03be9636d950.pdf

5. Orlov A.Ya. Method for Determining the Mass of Tree Roots in Forest Areas and the Possibility of Considering the Annual Increase in Organic Matter in Forest Soil Thickness. Lesovedenie = Russian Journal of Forest Science, 1967, no. 1, pp. 64–70. (In Russ.).

6. Rakhteyenko I.N. Spruce and Birch Root Nutrition During Interaction of Their Root Systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series. Belarus, 1981, no. 3(5-8), p. 123. (In Russ.).

7. Sannikov S.N., Sannikova N.S. Forest as Underground-Closed Dendrocenoecosystem. Sibirskii lesnoy zhurnal = Siberian Journal of Forest Science, 2014, no. 1, pp. 25–34. (In Russ.).

8. Sennov S.N. Thinning and Intraspecific Competition. Reforestation and Melioration of Forest in Northwest RSFSR. Leningrad, LenNIIFLH Publ., 1980. pp. 17–27. (In Russ.).

9. Sennov S.N. Silvics and Silviculture. Moscow, Akademiya Publ., 2005. 256 p. (In Russ.).

10. Sinkevich T.A., Sinkevich S.M. Complex Thinning in the Deciduous-Spruce Forests of Karelia. Petrozavodsk, Kareliya Publ., 1991. 136 p. (In Russ.).

11. Sukachev V.N. Experimental Study of Interbiotic Competition for Existence in Plants. Proceedings of the Petergofskogo biologichogo instituta Leningradskogo universiteta. 1935, no. 15, pp. 69–88. (In Russ.).

12. Sukachev V.N. On Intraspecific and Interspecific Interrelations Among Plants. Botanicheskiy zhurnal, 1953, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 57–96. (In Russ.).

13. Terekhov G.G., Usoltsev V.A. Morphostructure and Root Saturation in Rhizosphere of Siberian Spruce and Secondary Deciduous Stands in the Middle Urals as a Property of Their Competitive Relationships. Khvoynyye boreal’noy zony = Conifers of the Boreal Area, 2010, vol. 27, no. 3-4. pp. 330–335. (In Russ.).

14. Usoltsev V.A. In the Basements of Biosphere: What Do We Know About the Primary Output of Tree Roots? Eko-potentsial = Eco-potential, 2018, no. 4(24), pp. 25–79. (In Russ.).

15. Usoltsev V.A., Zalesov S.V. Methods for Determining Biological Productivity of Stands. Yekaterinburg, USFEU Publ., 2005. 147 p. (In Russ.).

16. Chertov O.G., Komarov A.S., Bykhovets S.S., Bkhatti Dzh.S. Difference in the Ecological Strategies of Coniferous Tree Species in European and Canadian Boreal Forests: A Modeling Analysis. Biosfera, 2015, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 328–346. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v7i3.89

17. Chibisov G.A. Growth of Root Systems in Birch and Spruce Forests and Influence of Harvesting on Those. Proceedings on Forestry and Forest Chemistry. Arkhangelsk, Severozapadnoe knizhnoye izdatel’stvo Publ., 1971, pp. 121−130. (In Russ.).

18. Chibisov G.A., Nefedova A.I. Thinning and Phytoclimate. Arkhangelsk, SevNIIFLH Publ., 2007. 266 p. (In Russ.).

19. Bergeron Y., Chen Han Y.H., Kenkel C.N., Leduc A.L., Macdonald S.E. Boreal Mixedwood Stand Dynamics: Ecological Processes Underlying Multiple Pathways. Forestry Chronicle, 2014, vol. 90, no. 2, pp. 202–213. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc2014-039

20. Bolte A., Rahmann T., Kuhr M., Pogoda P., Murach D., Gadow K. Relationships Between Tree Dimension and Coarse Root Biomass in Mixed Stands of European Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway Spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.). Plant and Soil, 2004, vol. 264, pp. 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:PLSO.0000047777.23344.a3

21. Brassard B.W., Chen Han Y.H., Bergeron Y., Pare D. Differences in Fine Root Productivity Between Mixed‐ and Single‐Species Stands: Fine Root Productivity in Boreal Forest. Functional Ecology, 2011, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 238–246. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01769.x

22. Drexhage M., Colin F. Estimating Root System Biomass from BreastHeight Diameters. Forestry, 2001, vol. 74, no. 5, pp. 491–497. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/74.5.491

23. Finer L., Ohashi M., Noguchi K., Hirano Y. Fine Root Production and Turnover in Forest Ecosystems in Relation to Stand and Environmental Characteristics. Forest Ecology and Management, 2011, vol. 262, no. 11, pp. 2008–2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.08.042

24. Godbold D.L., Fritz H-W., Jentschke G., Meesenburg H., Rademacher P. Root Turnover and Root Necromass Accumulation of Norway Spruce (Picea abies) аre Affected by Soil Acidity. Tree Physiology, 2003, vol. 23, no. 13, pp. 915–921. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/23.13.915

25. Helmisaari H.-S., Derome J., Nöjd P., Kukkola M. Fine Root Biomass in Relation to Site and Stand Characteristics in Norway Spruce and Scots Pine Stands. Tree Physiology, 2007, vol. 27, no. 10, pp. 1493–1504. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/27.10.1493

26. Hofmann C.W., Usoltsev V.A. Modelling Root Biomass Distribution in Pinus sylvestris Forests of the Turgai Depression of Kazakhstan. Forest Ecology and Management, 2001, vol. 149, no. 1-3, pp. 103–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00548-X

27. Kalliokoski T. Root System Traits of Norway Spruce, Scots Pine, and Silver Birch in Mixed Boreal Forests: An Analysis of Root Architecture, Morphology, and Anatomy. Dissertationes Forestales. Finland, Finnish Society of Forest Science Publ., 2011. 67 p. https://doi.org/10.14214/df.121

28. Kalyn A.L.,Van Rees K.C.J. Contribution of Fine Roots to Ecosystem Biomass and Net Primary Production in Black Spruce, Aspen, and Jack Pine Forests in Saskatchewan. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 2006, vol. 140, no. 1-4, pp. 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.08.019

29. Lawrence D.J., Luckai N., Meyer W.L., Shahi C., Fazekas A.J., Kesanakurti P., Newmaster S. Distribution of White Spruce Lateral Fine Roots as Affected by the Presence of Trembling Aspen: Root Mapping Using Simple Sequence Repeat DNA Profiling. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2012, vol. 42, no. 8, pp. 1566–1576. https://doi.org/10.1139/x2012-082

30. Lehtonen A., Palviainen M., Ojanen P., Kalliokoski T., Nöjd P., Kukkola M., Penttilä T., Mäkipää R., Leppälammi-Kujansuu J., Helmisaari H.S. Modelling Fine Root Biomass of Boreal Tree Stands Using Site and Stand Variables. Forest Ecology and Management, 2016, vol. 359, pp. 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.06.023

31. Mekontchou C.G., Houle D., Bergeron Y., Drobyshev I. Contrasting Root System Structure and Belowground Interactions Between Black Spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P) and Trembling Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) in Boreal Mixedwoods of Eastern Canada. Forests, 2020, vol. 11, no. 2, p. 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11020127

32. Miina J., Pukkala T. Using Numerical Optimization for Specifying Individual-Tree Competition Models. Forest Science, 2000, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 277–283.

33. Müller K.H., Wagner S. Fine Root Dynamics in Gaps of Norway Spruce Stands in the German Ore Mountains. Forestry, 2003, vol. 76, no. 2, pp. 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/76.2.149

34. Nilsson M.-C., Wardle D.A., Dahlberg A. Effects of Plant Litter Species Composition and Diversity on the Boreal Forest Plant-Soil System. Oikos, 1999, vol. 86, no. 1, pp. 16–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/3546566

35. Pei Y., Pifeng L., Wenhua X., Shuai O., Yiye X. Effect of Stand Age on Fine Root Biomass, Production and Morphology in Chinese Fir Plantations in Subtropical China. Sustainability, 2018, vol. 10, no. 7, art. no. 2280. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072280

36. Pinno B.D., Wilson S.D., Steinaker D.F., Van Rees K.C.J., McDonald S.A. Fine Root Dynamics of Trembling Aspen in Boreal Forest and Aspen Parkland in Central Canada. Annals of Forest Science, 2010, vol. 67, no. 710, pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest/2010035

37. Ruess R., Hendrick R., Burton A., Pregitzer K., Sveinbjornsson B., Allen M., Maurer G. Coupling Fine Root Dynamics with Ecosystem Carbon Cycling in Black Spruce Forests of Interior Alaska. Ecological Monographs, 2003, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 643–662. https://doi.org/10.1890/02-4032

38. Schmid I. The Influence of Soil Type and Interspecific Competition on the Fine Root System of Norway Spruce and European Beech. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2002, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 339–346. https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-1791-00116

39. Shanin V.N., Rocheva L.K., Shashkov M.P., Ivanova N.V., Moskalenko S.V., Burnasheva E.R. Spatial Distribution Features of the Root Biomass of Some Tree Species (Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Betula sp.). Biology Bulletin, 2015, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 260–268. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359015030115

40. Spinnler D., Egli P., Korner C. Provenance Effects and Allometry in Beech and Spruce Under Elevated CO2 and Nitrogen on Two Different Forest Soils. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2003, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 467–478. https://doi.org/10.1078/1439-1791-00175