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These works are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. D.E. Lakhmanov, Yu.G. Khabarov, V.A. Veshnyakov, M.R. Yokubjanov Complete text of the article:Download article (pdf, 0.8MB )UDС66.095.268+661.7+665.947.4DOI:10.37482/0536-1036-2020-5-184-192AbstractIndustrial lignins are formed from native lignins during chemical or biochemical processing of plant raw materials. Lignins can be modified to produce valuable products, including monomers, polymeric materials, and composites. The article presents the results of a study of hydrolysis lignin nitration under various conditions. The aim of the study was to obtain a nitrated hydrolysis lignin with a maximum yield and maximum nitrogen content. Therefore, the nitration was carried out using nitric acid in a water-aprotic solvent binary mixtures (1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile). Acetyl nitrate, which is a mixed anhydride of nitric and acetic acids, was also used as a nitrating agent. In this regard, the consumption of acetic anhydride in the synthesis of acetyl nitrate was used taking into account the water present in concentrated nitric acid. Acetyl nitrate was obtained by the reaction of acetic anhydride and concentrated nitric acid at room temperature for 30 min. Acetyl nitrate is a mild nitrating agent opposed to nitric acid. Nitration was carried out under reflux in a boiling water bath for 2–5 min (with nitric acid) or 1–60 min (with acetyl nitrate). Upon completion of the nitration reaction, the products were filtered, washed with distilled water and dried to constant weight without heating. When nitration was performed with nitric acid, the maximum yield of nitrated hydrolysis lignin (83–101 %) was achieved using 1,4-dioxane, acetonitrile, and tetrahydrofuran; and the maximum nitrogen content (4.3–4.5 %) was achieved using 1,4-dioxane or acetonitrile. The use of dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide leads to a decrease in the product yield to 23–35 %, to a lower nitrogen content of 1.3–3.9 % and an increased oxygen content, which indicates the occurrence of not only nitration, but also depolymerization and oxidative transformations. When nitration with acetyl nitrate, the reaction takes place for 1–3 min, herewith the product contains up to 4.7 % of nitrogen. On the IR spectra of nitrated hydrolysis lignins, new absorption bands appear at 1555 and 1710 cm–1 due to the appearance of carboxyl and nitro groups.AuthorsD.E. Lakhmanov, Candidate of Chemistry, Research Scientist; ResearcherID: N-5418-2016, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9940-4862Yu.G. Khabarov, Doctor of Chemistry, Prof.; ResearcherID: P-1802-2015, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8392-0985 V.A. Veshnyakov, Candidate of Chemistry, Assoc. Prof.; ResearcherID: E-3882-2017, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-5053 M.R. Yokubjanov, Postgraduate Student AffiliationNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation; е-mail: dmi84339053@ya.ru, khabarov.yu@mail.ru, viacheslav.veshnyakov@mail.ru, cool.mominjon@mail.ruKeywordshydrolysis lignin, nitration, aprotic solvents, nitric acid, acetyl nitrateFundingThe research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 18-73-00250 using the equipment of the NArFU’s Core Facility Center “Arktika”.For citationLakhmanov D.E., Khabarov Yu.G., Veshnyakov V.A., Yokubjanov M.R. Nitration of Hydrolysis Lignin in Water-Aprotic Solvent Mixtures. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 5, pp. 184–192. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-5-184-192References1. Беллами Л. Новые данные по ИК-спектрам сложных молекул / пер. с англ. М.: Мир, 1971. 318 с. [Bellamy L.J. The Infra-Red Spectra of Complex Molecules. Translated from English. 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DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.02.043 Received on February 14, 2020 Nitration of Hydrolysis Lignin in Water-Aprotic Solvent Mixtures |
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