Substantiation of the Technology of Mechanized Clear-Cutting of Reservoir Beds and Equipment Arrangement for Its Implementation

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 1.3MB )

UDС

630.323.13

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2020-1-128-145

Abstract

The issue of cleaning reservoir beds during the construction of cascades of hydroelectric power plants is relevant. In current practice, forest clearance is carried out in the form of clear-cutting 15–20 years before the flooding of the area. Herewith, the fact that even before flooding, the reservoir bed is secondly overgrown with fine-sized deciduous species with trunk diameter of up to 15 cm, average volume per tree of which is 3–5 times less than that of previous stands, is ignored. In view of this, it turned out that the use of existing harvesting and logging equipment is ineffective in this type of works. It is necessary to develop machines and technologies that ensure the fulfillment of the assigned task. The research purpose is to develop a technology for cleaning the reservoir bed (on the example of the Boguchany Hydro Power Plant (HPP) on the Angara river) from secondary overgrowing after clear-cutting; as well as the design and arrangement of equipment for the fellerbuncher LP-19V for trees cutting, and the technology of its application. The research agenda includes an analysis of wood cutting forces with regard to inertial forces; calculations of the productivity of the unit for cutting stands and their transportation to the place of loading; sizing of forest swathes, their number and skidding or haulage distances; study of use modes of equipment for cutting stumps, forest clearance and hauling. A design of the working body for the feller-buncher LP-19V is proposed, including a disk cutter and a packer, which allows to increase its productivity in cutting areas by 3–4 times with a whip volume of about 0.14 m³. A technology for loading and delivering timber to barges, and processing unmerchantable wood has been developed. The proposed technology for recleaning the reservoir bed of a hydro power plant allows to fully mechanize the technological process of forest clearance, reduce labour costs and improve the cleaning quality, reduce the negative effects associated with flooding of tree stands while filling HHP reservoirs.

Authors

S.N. Orlovsky, Candidate of Engineering, Assoc. Prof.; ResearcherID: N-6780-2019, ORCID: 0000-0001-8904-834X

Affiliation

Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University, prosp. Mira, 90, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russian Federation; e-mail: orlovskiysergey@mail.ru

Keywords

reservoir, forest clearance, technology, mechanization, cutting of stands, arrangement, design

For citation

Orlovsky S.N. Substantiation of the Technology of Mechanized Clear-Cutting of Reservoir Beds and Equipment Arrangement for Its Implementation. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 1, pp. 128–145. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-1-128-145

References

1. Aleksandrov V.A. Mechanization of Logging Operations in Russia. Saint Petersburg, Profi Publ., 2009. 256 p.
2. Boguchany Hydro Power Plant on the Angara River. Technical Project. In 3 vol. Vol. 3. Reservoir and Environmental Protection. Book 1. Reservoir. Moscow, Gidroproyekt Publ., 1976. 219 p.
3. Verkhov Yu.I. Design of Forwarders with Allowances Made for Their Vibrations. Krasnoyarsk, KGTA Publ., 1986. 175 p.
4. Grigoryan V.G. Peat Machines and Their Operation. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1982. 232 p. 
5. Karnaukhov A.I. Forest Fire Units with a Face Cutter. Energy Saving Concept: Monograph. Krasnoyarsk, SibSTU Publ., 2011. 220 p.
6. Korpachev V.P., Malinin L.I., Chebykh M.M. Prediction Technique of Wood Pulp Income during Flooding and Operation of Reservoirs of HPP of the Angara-Yenisei Region. Use and Restoration of Resources of the Angara-Yenisei Region: Collection of Academic Papers of the All-Union Scientific and Practical Conference. Vol. 2. Krasnoyarsk, Lesosibirsk Publ., 1991, pp. 107–113.
7. Korpachev V.P., Sladikova S.M., Perezhilin A.I. Assessment of Wood Pulp Reserves in the Boguchanskaya HPP Reservoir in the Process of Its Preparation and Operation. Krasnoyarsk, SibGTU Publ., 2007. 94 p.
8. Loginov T.I., Leshch-Borisovskiy A.I., Fogel’ D.N. Logging and Forest Cleaning of Reservoirs of Hydraulic Engineering Structures. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1976. 136 p.
9. Opeyko F.A. Peat Machines. Minsk, Vysheyshaya shkola Publ., 1968. 408 p.
10. Orlovsky S.N. Design of Machinery and Equipment for Garden and Landscape Construction. Krasnoyarsk, SibSTU Publ., 2004. 108 p.
11. Orlovsky S.N. Determination of Energy and Dynamic Parameters of Tractors, Cutting Modes of Active Working Bodies of MachineTractor Units: Monograph. Krasnoyarsk, KrasGAU Publ., 2011. 376 p. 
12. Orlovsky S.N., Karnaukhov A.I. Theoretical Background of Rotary Tools Parameters and Operating Modes. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2012, no. 4, pp. 70–76. URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/4d2/dggj1.pdf
13. Orlovskiy S.N., Karnaukhov A.I. Application and Configuration Technology of the Stump Lowering Device. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2017, no. 3, pp. 123–131. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.3.123; URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/ iblock/111/2_orlovskiy.pdf 
14. Poletaykin V.F. Dynamics of Transient Modes of Operation of Forest Loaders. Intercollegiate Collection of Academic Papers. Krasnoyarsk, KGTA Publ., 1993, pp. 32–51.
15. Poletaykin V.F., Avdeyeva E.V. Loading Machines. Krasnoyarsk, SibSTU Publ., 2001. 200 p. 
16. Development of Measures for Logging and Forest Cleaning in the Area of the Reservoir of the Boguchany Hydrosite on the Angara River: Research Report. Krasnoyarsk, Noncommercial Research Institution “Siberian International Institute of Forest”, 2006. 19 p.
17. Developmentof the Forecast of Clogging and Pollution of the Boguchany HPP Reservoir with Wood Pulp and Organic Substances; a Set of Proposals for Cleaning the Reservoir from Wood Pulp: Research Report. Krasnoyarsk, SibSTU, 2006. 90 p.
18. Bell J.L. Changes in Logging Injury Rates Associated with Use of FellerBunchers in West Virginia. Proceedings of the International Mountain Logging and 11th Pacific Northwest Skyline Symposium. Seattle, WA, 2001, pр. 28–36.
19. Jones P.C., Hawkend J.H. Stump Grinders. Austin, TX, UT Press, 2014. 156 p.
20. Leon B.H., Benjamin J.G. A Survey of Business Attributes, Harvest Capacity and Equipment Infrastructure of Logging Businesses in the Northern Forest. Orono, ME, University of Maine, 2012. 29 p.
21. Spinelli R., Cuchet E., Roux P. A New Feller-Buncher for Harvesting Energy Wood: Results from a European Test Programme. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2006, vol. 31, iss. 4, pp. 205–210. DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.08.002
22. Spinelli R., Hartsough B.R., Owende P.M.O., Ward S.M. Productivity and Cost of Mechanized Whole-Tree Harvesting of Fast-Growing Eucalypt Stands. International Journal of Forest Engineering, 2002, vol. 13, iss. 2, pp. 49–60. DOI: 10.1080/14942119.2002.10702462
23. Teggin R., Kavadimatti S., Hebbal S. Design and Fabrication of Machine Performing Multiple Wood Working Operations. Proceeding of NCRIET-2015 & Indian Journal of Scientific Research, 2015, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 162–167. 

Received on January 13, 2019