Performance Evaluation of Na-CMC in the Wet-Strength Paper Process Flow. P. 150–162

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UDС

676.017

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2026-3-150-162

Abstract

The paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) in the production of wet-strength paper. Na-CMC is a water-soluble anionic cellulose derivative produced by the esterification of cellulose with sodium chloroacetate in an alkaline solution. The resulting polymer is highly hydrophilic due to the presence of carboxyl (-COO⁻) and hydroxyl (-OH⁻) functional groups, which ensures the compound’s high solubility in water and the formation of stable colloidal solutions. This study investigated the effect of Na-CMC on the paper pulp preparation process and the performance properties of the final product. The use of NA-CMC has been shown to have a comprehensive positive effect on the physical and mechanical, optical, and barrier properties of paper. NA-CMC reacts with paper pulp components such as wood and synthetic fibers, fillers, and binders, thereby enhancing the paper’s adhesive properties and improving its overall structure. Na-CMC is effective in multi-component systems; it enhances the activity and performance of other chemical substances, such as moisture-resistant resins and pigments. The study revealed quantitative relationships that explain how paper quality depends on the amount of NA-CMC consumed. The results are applicable to the production of high-performance white papers, particularly in terms of reducing the environmental impact of wastewater discharges. The method can be adapted to existing production lines at pulp and paper mills.

Acknowledgments: The research was carried out at the Innovative Facilities Engineering and Innovation Center “Advanced Northern Bioresources Processing Technologies” of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University (NArFU).

Authors

Victoria V. Gorazdova^1,2*, Candidate of Engineering; ResearcherID: GWC-4729-2022, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4732-7791
Anastasia A. Kulebyakina², Engineer; ResearcherID: NXC-3407-2025, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7864-7900
Elena V. Dernova³, Candidate of Engineering; ResearcherID: HKE-0047-2023, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7869-9646
Dmitriy A. Dulkin^1,2, Doctor of Engineering; ResearcherID: HKD-9977-2023, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6517-2979

Affiliation

¹The Consolidated Paper Mills Company, 22-y km, pos. Moskovskiy, 4, str. 1, blok B, Moscow, Russia, 108811; vgorazdova@ukobf.com*, ddulkin@ukobf.com
²Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 17, Arkhangelsk, Russia, 163002; vgorazdova@ukobf.com*, kulebyakina.a@edu.narfu.ru, ddulkin@ukobf.com
³JSC “Troitskaya Paper Mill”, ul. Mayakovskogo, 1, Kondrovo, Kaluga Region, Russia, 249831; edernova@ukobf.com

Keywords

Na-CMC, wet-strength paper, Na-CMC consumption, Na-CMC interaction, paper pulp components, wet strength, mechanical strength, optical properties, chemical additives

For citation

Gorazdova V.V., Kulebyakina A.A., Dernova E.V., Dulkin D.A. Performance Evaluation of Na-CMC in the Wet-Strength Paper Process Flow. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2026, no. 3, pp. 150–162. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2026-3-150-162

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