Evaluation of the Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Mechanical and Physical Properties Using the Impact Pulse and Elastic Rebound Methods. P. 122–132

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UDС

691.113, 620.178.151.6, 620.179

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2026-3-122-132

Abstract

Nondestructive testing is widely used for determining the technical quality, structure and internal condition of wood-based materials and wood in growing trees and elements of wood structures. The elastic rebound and impact pulse method belong to the most promising methods for evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of construction materials. The paper aims at testing the application of these methods for indirect determination of wood density, static hardness and dynamic modulus of elasticity. The study used 67 non- defective specimens of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood with a normalized moisture content and dimensions of 50×50×50 mm³ with the use of applied portative devices such as Oniks 2.6 (Interpribor, Chelyabinsk, Russia) and Silver Schmidt (Proceq SA, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland). We assessed variability of the measured parameters and obtained regression models of the relationship between the parameters of elastic rebound/impact pulse and the mechanical and physical properties of wood. The highest variation coefficients were obtained for the impact pulse on the radial and tangential surfaces of the specimens as well as for the static hardness of the radial surface of the specimens. A moderate correlation was found between the density (R² = 0.49) / dynamic modulus of elasticity along the fibers (R² = 0.39) and the elastic rebound from the radial surface of the specimens. The low determination coefficients of the models for predicting the mechanical and physical properties of pine wood are due to the limited range of variation in the specimen density, as well as the local nature of the property evaluation with these methods. All this limits their application for the operational assessment of the properties of standing trees, lumber, and wooden construction elements. These methods are useful for estimating the wood quality or identifying areas affected by rot. The improved quality of models for predicting the mechanical and physical properties of wood by means of the impact pulse and elastic rebound methods may be achieved by using indenters with a larger contact area, as well as by expanding the range of variability in specimen properties for one or more wood species. This will be the focus of our further research.

Funding: The research was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 23-16-00220, https://rscf.ru/en/project/23-16-00220/

Authors

Aleksandr S. Korolev*, Candidate of Engineering, Senior Research Scientist; ResearcherID: JKI-0714-2023, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1370-1285
Evgenii S. Sharapov, Doctor of Engineering, Prof.; ResearcherID: B-8151-2014, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6500-5377
Anton O. Bykov, Research Scientist; ResearcherID: KFR-1574-2024, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3429-5902
Pavel G. Timakov, Engineer;ResearcherID: MGB-0595-2025, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1590-5029

Affiliation

Volga State University of Technology, pl. Lenina, 3, Yoshkar-Ola, Russia, 424000; korolevas@volgatech.net*, sharapoves@volgatech.net, anton_bykov02@mail.ru, pavel.timakov.99@mail.ru

Keywords

sclerometer, non-destructive testing, elastic rebound, impact pulse, wood density, pine, Pinus sylvestris L., static hardness, dynamic modulus of elasticity

For citation

Korolev A.S., Sharapov E.S., Bykov A.O., Timakov P.G. Evaluation of the Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Mechanical and Physical Properties Using the Impact Pulse and Elastic Rebound Methods. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2026, no. 3, pp. 122–132. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2026-3-122-132

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