The Content of Phenolic Compounds in Lichens in the Tectonic Fault Zones. P. 198–213

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UDС

582.29:550.47

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2022-4-198-213

Abstract

The paper studies the influence of geoecological factors on the content of phenolic compounds (PCs) in lichens of the genus Cladonia in the Velsko-Ustyansky and Kholmogorsky tectonic knots (TKs). Lichens were sampled from the test plots (TPs) laid out in the center of the knots and outside the knots (control). The geochemical situation, soil-climatic and environmental conditions in the zone of TKs influence the lichens chemical composition. It is found that the ash content of lichens growing in the center of the TK is 1.8–2.3 times higher than in the control, which indicates a significant accumulation of lithogenic elements in the lichen thallus in the tectonic fault zone. Lichens are exposed to multifactorial adverse effects (increased radiation background and heat flux, electromagnetic radiation, electric and magnetic fields, etc.) in the territory of TKs. This provokes excessive generation of active oxygen radicals and contributes to the rearrangement of lichen metabolism, changing the dynamics of accumulation of PCs and their biosynthesis. The content of the water-insoluble fraction of PCs in lichens was found to increase from the control point to the center of the TK, while the relative share of the water-soluble fraction of PCs in the total composition decreases. This is probably due to an increase in oxidative processes and a decrease in reductive processes in lichens under adverse conditions. The paper shows that the biosynthesis of PCs in lichens is most active in the spring-summer (April and July) vegetation period. The impact of geoecological factors enhances the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of phenolic nature in lichens in the conditions of the TKs: usnic acid (UA) and atranorin. The content of UA in the composition of the water-insoluble fraction of PCs in lichens growing in the center of the TK is 1.5–1.7 times higher during the spring-summer vegetation period than in lichens growing outside the TK. The quantitative distribution of the water-insoluble fraction of PCs depends on the lichen thallus part and has a gradient character. Their content in the upper growing parts of lichens growing in the center of the TK and in the control is 2 and 1.7 times higher than in the old zones, respectively. Thus, PCs in lichens are active metabolites and their content in thallus can serve as a biomarker of the state of the environment.

Authors

Irina A. Palamarchuk, Candidate of Chemistry, Senior Research Scientist; ResearcherID: AAF-5454-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2947-1370
Marina E. Belousova*, Junior Research Scientist; ResearcherID: AAL-7068-2020, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6099-1358
Olga S. Brovko, Candidate of Chemistry, Leading Research Scientist, Assoc. Prof.; ResearcherID: AAF-5387-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1961-7831
Vadim V. Staritsyn, Candidate of Agriculture, Research Scientist;
ResearcherID: J-3588-2018, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-1247
Artem D. Ivakhnov, Candidate of Chemistry, Senior Research Scientist; ResearcherID: U-4822-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2822-9192
Anatoliy A. Sloboda, Junior Research Scientist; ResearcherID: AAL-3955-2021, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-9050

Affiliation

N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 23, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation; irpalamarchuk@mail.ru, marinabelousovae@yandex.ru*, brovko-olga@rambler.ru, Corwin87@mail.ru, ivahnov-tema@yandex.ru, sloboda.iepn@yandex.ru

Keywords

lichens, Cladonia, tectonic knot, phenolic compounds, lichen acids, waterinsoluble phenolic compounds, water-soluble phenolic compounds, usnic acid, atranorin, Velsko-Ustyansky tectonic knot, Kholmogorsky tectonic knot

Funding

The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment “Physico-Chemical, Genetic and Morphological Bases of the Plant Objects Adaptation in the Conditions of the High Latitudes Changing Climate” of the N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy (FECIAR UrB RAS) of Sciences in 2018–2021 (state registration No. АААА-А18-118012390231-9) using the equipment of the Core facility center “Arktika” (NArFU) and the Core Facility Centre “Critical Technologies of the Russian Federation in the Field of Environmental Safety in the Arctic” (FECIAR UrB RAS).

For citation

Palamarchuk I.A., Belousova M.E., Brovko O.S., Staritsyn V.V., Ivakhnov A.D., Sloboda A.A. The Content of Phenolic Compounds in Lichens in the Tectonic Fault Zones. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2022, no. 4, pp. 198–213. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-4-198-213

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