Changes of Phytocenosis Understories of Fir Forests in the Breeding Grounds of Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle (Polygraphus Proximus Blandf.) in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 0.6MB )

UDС

581.55:595.768.24

DOI:

10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.5.73

Abstract

Currently, the attention of forest pathologists is directed to the problem of a new aggressive pest of Siberian fir – four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandf. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae)). Until recently, the species was known in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, Korea, Japan, and northeast China, where usually colonized the weakened forms of Far Eastern firs, mainly Abies nephrolepis and A. holophylla. The first trees died of four-eyed fir bark beetle in the Krasnoyarsk Territory were dated by 1976. Now Polygraphus proximus is met in seven territorial entities of the Siberian Federal Districts, at 4.9 mln ha of fir forests (or nearly at one-third of the range of Siberian fir, which is extremely unstable to the action of P. proximus). The goal of research is to assess the condition of the
undergrowth, understory and herb layer in fir stands, damaged by four-eyed fir bark beetle in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The studies are conducted in the southern taiga grass fir forests in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The changes in the understories of fir plant communities with varying degrees of stand damage by P. proximus are examined. The natural regeneration of fir in all test areas is satisfactory (the number of standard large undergrowth is more than 1.0 ths. pcs./ha). However, there is a decline in the average viability score of large undergrowth, that seems to be associated with the attacks of four-eyed fir bark beetle. In the context of complete dieback of fir stands large viable undergrowth is absent. In maximum light intensity the tendency
to increase the average height and the average diameter of fir undergrowth is observed.
The undergrowth typical for the southern taiga fir forests is well developed in all plots. Its total thickness is 13.0…14.0 ths pcs./ha, and it does not depend on the degree of stand damage. Within an outbreak area in the plots with varying defoliation degrees of fir stand we reveal the differences in the density and some morphometric parameters of shrubs coenopopulations. So, on the plot with 100 % fir defoliation we mark the raspberry accretive motion, increase of the average bush height for all types of understory, except spiraea. In addition, spiraea and bird cherry in these conditions increase the number of stalks in a bush. The lower species richness of the herb layer in a community with 100 % fir defoliation is established. The share of short and wild grasses is reduced in the ecological and cenotic structure of this phytocenosis; the
share of high grasses and large ferns is increased. A projective cover of these species is also increased, especially Aconitum septentrionale and Dryopteris expansa. A few more crops cover is found (Calamagrostis obtusata, C. langsdorfii), but they do not occupy a dominant position, as it often happens in the fir forests damaged by Siberian silkworm moth. Fir undergrowth in the partially damaged fir stands is confined mainly to small grass-pleurocarpous moss and forb-small grass microgroups near large living firs, as well as on a semidecomposed windfall. Undergrowth and fir seedlings almost never occur in the illuminated areas occupied by overgrown species of shrubs and high grasses.

Authors

O.M. Shabalina1, Сandidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor I.N. Bezkorovaynaya1, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Yu.N. Baranchikov2, Сandidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Research Officer

Affiliation

1Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyy pr., 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation;
е-mail: shabalina11@bk.ru
2V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation;
е-mail: baranchikov-yuri@yandex.ru

Keywords

four-eyed fir bark beetle, Siberian fir, undergrowth, understory, forest live cover, ecological and cenotic structure.

For citation

Pastukhova А.М. Prospects of Selection of Siberian Cedar Half-Sibs Accord-ing to Their Growth Rate at an Early Age. Lesnoy zhurnal [Forestry journal], 2017, no. 5, pp. 73–81. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.5.73

References

1. Astapenko S.A., Yagunov M.N., Golubev D.V., Sashko E.V. Otsenka vozdeystviya i rasprostraneniya nasekomykh-vrediteley v lesakh Krasnoyarskogo kraya na primere poligrafa ussuriyskogo [Assessing the Impact and Spread of Pests in the Forests of the Krasnoyarsk Region on an Example of Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle]. Monitoring, modelirovanie i prognozirovanie opasnykh prirodnykh yavleniy i chrezvychaynykh situatsiy: materialy IV Vseros. nauch.-prakt. konf. [Monitoring, Modeling and Prediction of Natural Hazards and Extremal Situations: Proc. 4th All-Russ. Sci. and Prac. Conf.]. Zheleznogorsk, 2014, pp. 46–51. 2. Baranchikov Yu.N., Demidko D.A., Laptev A.V., Pet'ko V.M. Dinamika otmiraniya derev'ev pikhty sibirskoy v ochage ussuriyskogo poligrafa [Dynamics of Siberian Fir Dieback in the Outbreak Area of the Bark Beetle]. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta lesa – Lesnoy vestnik [Moscow State Forest University Bulletin – Lesnoy Vestnik], 2014, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 132–138. 3. Baranchikov Yu.N., Pashenova N.V., Pet'ko V.M. Faktory dinamiki chislennosti populyatsiy ussuriyskogo poligrafa Polygraphus proximus Blandford (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) na frontakh ego invaziynogo nastupleniya [Factors of Populational Dynamics in Bark Beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) on Frontiers of Its Invasion]. Interekspo Geo-Sibir' [Interexpo Geo Siberia], 2012, vol. 4, pp. 100–104. 4. Baranchikov Yu.N., Pet'ko V.M., Astapenko S.A., Akulov E.N., Krivets S.A. Ussuriyskiy poligraf – novyy agressivnyy vreditel' pikhty v Sibiri [Polygraphus proximus – a New Aggressive Invasive Pest of Firs in Siberia]. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta lesa – Lesnoy vestnik [Moscow State Forest University Bulletin – Lesnoy Vestnik], 2011, no. 4(80), pp. 78–81. 5. Butorina T.N. Ekologo-tsenoticheskiy analiz kustarnichkovo-travyanogo yarusa lesnykh assotsiatsiy [Ecological and Coenotic Analysis of the Shrub-Grass Layer of Forest Phytocenoses]. Tipy lesov Sibiri [Types of Forests of Siberia]. Moscow, 1963, pp. 30–52. 6. Gryaz'kin A.V. Strukturnaya organizatsiya fitotsenozov yuzhnoy taygi (na primere el'nikov zelenomoshnoy gruppy tipov lesa) [Structural Phytocenoses Organization of the Southern Taiga (by the Example of Spruce Forests of Hylocomium Group of Forest Types)]. Saint Petersburg, 1999. 136 p. 7. Debkov N.M. Kolichestvennye i kachestvennye parametry vozobnovleniya pod pologom drevostoev, sformirovavshikhsya iz predvaritel'nykh generatsiy [Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters of Renewal Under the Canopy of Forest Stand, Formed from Preliminary Generations]. Lesnoy zhurnal, 2015, no. 1, pp. 35–44. 8. Demidko D.A., Laptev A.V., Pet'ko V.M., Babichev N.S., Baranchikov Yu.N. Radial'nyy prirost stvola kak prediktor gibeli derev'ev pikhty sibirskoy v ochage razmnozheniya ussuriyskogo poligrafa [The Radial Growth of a Trunk as a Predictor of Death of Siberian Fir Trees in the Outbreak Breeding of Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle]. Lesnye biogeotsenozy boreal'noy zony: geografiya, struktura, funktsii, dinamika: materialy Vseros. nauch. konf. s mezhd. uchast. posv. 70-letiyu sozd. Inst-ta lesa im. V.N. Sukacheva SO RAN, Krasnoyarsk, 16–19 sentyabrya 2014 g. [Forest Ecosystems of the Boreal Zone: Geography, Structure, Functions, Dynamics: Proc. All-Russ. Sci. Conf. With Int. Part., Delicated to the 70th Anniversary of the V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, September 16–19, 2014]. Novosibirsk, 2014, pp. 677–679. 9. Ismailova D.M., Nazimova D.I. Dolgovremennaya dinamika fitotsenoticheskoy struktury chernevykh pikhtovo-osinovykh lesov v predgor'yakh Zapadnogo Sayana [Long- Term Dynamics of the Phytocenotic Structure of Taiga Fir-Aspen Forests in the Western Sayan Foothills]. Lesovedenie [Russian Journal of Forest Science], 2007, no. 3, pp. 3–10. 10. Kalachev A.A., Arkhangel'skaya T.A., Paramonov E.G. Vliyanie polnoty i sostava drevostoya na zhiznesposobnost' pikhtovogo podrosta v usloviyakh Rudnogo Altaya [Influence of Normality and Composition of Stand on Viability of Fir Undergrowth in Rudny Altai]. Mir nauki, kul'tury, obrazovaniya [The World of Science, Culture and Education], 2013, no. 1(38), pp. 328–331. 11. Kerchev I.A. Ekologiya poligrafa ussuriyskogo Polygraphus proximus Blandf. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) v Zapadno-Sibirskom regione invazii [Ecology of Four Eyed Fir Bark Beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford (Coleoptera; Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in the West-Siberian Region of Invasion]. Rossiyskiy Zhurnal Biologicheskikh Invaziy [Russian Journal of Biological Invasions], 2014, no. 2, pp. 80–94. 12. Krivets S.A. Zametki po ekologii ussuriyskogo poligrafa Polygraphus proximus Blandf. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) v Zapadnoy Sibiri [Notes on the Ecology of the Fir Bark Beetle Polygraphus proximus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in West Siberia]. Izvestia Sankt- Peterburgskoj lesotehniceskoj akademii (Izvestia SPbLTA), 2012, no. 200, pp. 94–105. 13. Krivets S.A., Bisirova E.M., Demidko D. A., Kerchev I.A., Pats E.N., Chernova N.A. Biogeotsenologicheskie aspekty invazii ussuriyskogo poligrafa v temnokhvoynye lesa Zapadnoy Sibiri [Biogeocenological Aspects of Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle Invasion in the Dark Coniferous Forests of Western Siberia]. Biogeotsenologiya i landshaftnaya ekologiya: itogi i perspektivy: materialy IV Mezhdunar. konf., posvyashchennoy pamyati Yu.A. L'vova (Tomsk, 28–30 noyab. 2012 g.) [Biogeocenology and Landscape Ecology: Results and Prospects: Proc. 4th Int. Conf., Dedicated to the Memory of Yu.A. Lvov (Tomsk, 28–30 November, 2012)]. Tomsk, 2012, pp. 212–217. 14. Krivets S.A., Bisirova E.M., Kerchev I.A., Pats E.N., Chernova N.A. Transformatsiya taezhnykh ekosistem v ochage invazii poligrafa ussuriyskogo Polygraphus proximus Blandf. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) v Zapadnoy Sibiri [Transformation of Taiga Ecosystems in Western Siberia in Invasion Focus of Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle Polygraphus Proximus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)]. Rossiyskiy Zhurnal Biologicheskikh Invaziy [Russian Journal of Biological Invasions], 2015, no. 1, pp. 41–63. 15. Krivets S.A., Kerchev I.A., Bisirova E.M., Pats E.N., Chernova N.A., Demidko D.A., Mukhortova L.V., Pashenova N.V., Pet'ko V.M., Baranchikov Yu.N. Mekhanizmy ekspansii i rol' ussuriyskogo poligrafa v sovremennykh sutsessionnykh protsessakh sibirskoy taygi: itogi 3-letnikh issledov.: prezentatsiya na VIII chteniyakh pamyati O.A. Kataeva [Mechanisms of Expansion and the Role of Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle in the Current Successional Processes of the Siberian Taiga: the Results of 3 Jears of Research: Presentation at the 8th Readings to the Memory of O.A. Kataev]. Available at: http://spbftu.ru/UserFiles/Image/kataev/2015/Krivets.pdf (accessed 09.12.2014). 16. Konovalova M.E. Vosstanovitel'naya dinamika lesa na sploshnykh vyrubkakh gornykh kedrovnikov Yuzhnoy Sibiri [Successive Dynamics of Forests on Clearcuts of the Montane Siberian Pine Forests in South Siberia]. Lesovedenie [Russian Journal of Forest Science], 2015, no. 4, pp. 267–274. 17. Krylov G.V., Maradudin I.I., Mikheev N.I., Kozakova N.F. Pikhta [Fir Tree]. Moscow, 1986. 239 p. 18. Leonov D.S., Taraskin E.G. Ussuriyskiy poligraf v Kemerovskoy oblasti – sovremennoe sostoyanie [Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle in the Kemerovo Region: the Current State]. Available at: http://www.rcfh.ru/04_10_2012_8be8d. html. 19. Mandel'shtam M.Yu., Popovichev B.G. Annotirovannyy spisok vidov koroedov (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) Leningradskoy oblasti [Annotated List of Bark Beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) of the Leningrad Region]. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie [Entomological Review], 2000, vol. 79, no. 3, pp. 599–618. 20. Yarmishko V.T., Lyanguzova I.V., eds. Metody izucheniya lesnykh soobshchestv [Methods of Studying of Forest Communities]. Saint Petersburg, 2002. 240 p. 21. Mirkin B.M., Naumova L.G. Sovremennoe sostoyanie osnovnykh kontseptsiy nauki o rastitel'nosti [The Current State of the Basic Concepts of the Science of Vegetation]. Ufa, 2012. 488 p. 22. Nazimova D.I. Tipy lesa severnoy chasti Zapadnogo Sayana [Forest Types of the Northern West Sayan]. Tipy lesov Sibiri [Forest Types of Siberia]. Moscow, 1963, pp. 108–132. 23. Pravila sanitarnoy bezopasnosti v lesakh: utv. prikazom Min-va prirodnykh resursov i ekologii RF ot 24 dek. 2013 g. № 613 [Rules of Sanitary Safety in the Forests: Appr. by the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation of 24 December, 2013. No. 613]. Available at: http://umocpartner.ru›assets/files/PDF 1/2014_08_281.pdf. 24. Smirnov N.S. Tipologicheskoe i vidovoe raznoobrazie temnokhvoynykh lesov nizhnego techeniya reki B. Porozhnyaya (pritok r. Pechory, Pechoro-Ilychskiy zapovednik) [Typological and Species Diversity of Dark Conifer Forests in the Lower Reaches of the Bol’shaya Porozhnyaya River (a Tributary of the Pechora River, Pechora-Ilych State Nature Reserve)]. Ekologiya [Russian Journal of Ecology], 2013, no. 1, pp. 30–38. 25. Sofronov M.A., Volokitina A.V., Martynov K.N. Otsenka uspeshnosti lesovozobnovleniya s uchetom raznovozrastnosti podrosta i neravnomernosti ego razmeshcheniya po ploshchadi [Evaluation of the Success Reforestation Based on the Undergrowth Age Difference and the Unevenness of Its Location in the Area]. Lesnoe khozyaystvo, 2003, no. 5, pp. 16–17. 26. Stakanov V.D. Kharakteristika lesnogo pokrova [Characteristics of the Forest Cover]. Lesnye ekosistemy Eniseyskogo meridiana [Forest Ecosystems of the Yenisei Meridian]. Novosibirsk, 2002, pp. 19–24. 27. Stashkevich N.Yu., Ismailova D.M., Nazimova D.I. Rol' sinuzial'noy struktury v vozobnovlenii kedrovogo i pikhtovogo podrosta pod pologom gornykh chernevykh kedrovnikov [The Role of the Synusial Structure in the Reforestation of Cedar and Fir Undergrowth Under the Canopy of the Mountain Taiga Cedar Forests]. Khvoynye boreal'noy zony [Conifers of the Boreal Area], 2013, vol. XXXI, no. 1-2, pp. 116–122. 28. Falaleev E.N. Pikhta [Fir Tree]. Moscow, 1982. 85 p. 29. Flora Sibiri. T. 1–13 [Flora of Siberia. Vol. 1–13]. Novosibirsk, 1988–1997. 30. Tsvetkov V.F. Voprosy lesovozobnovleniya v svyazi s rubkami na Evropeyskom Severe Rossii [The Issues of Reforestation in Connection with Felling in the European North of Russia]. Nekotorye voprosy lesovedeniya i lesovodstva na Evropeyskom Severe Rossii [Some Problems of Forest Science and Forestry in the European North of Russia]. Arkhangelsk, 2005, pp. 29–76. 31. Chernova N.A. Transformatsiya rastitel'nogo pokrova pikhtovykh lesov Tomskoy oblasti pod vliyaniem ussuriyskogo poligrafa [Transformation of Vegetation in Tomsk Region Siberian Fir Forests Under the Influence of Polygraphus proximus Blandf]. Interekspo Geo-Sibir' [Interexpo Geo Siberia], 2014, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 271–277. 32. Chilakhsaeva E.A. Pervaya nakhodka Polygraphus proximus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) v Moskovskoy oblasti [The First Finding of Polygraphus proximus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the Moscow Region]. Byullyuten' Moskovskogo obshchestva ispytateley prirody. Otdel biologii [Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series], 2008, vol. 113, no. 6, pp. 39–41. 33. Shabalina O.M., Raznobarskiy V.G., Grodnitskiy D.L. Zhivoy napochvennyy pokrov i podrost v taezhnykh shelkopryadnikakh [Forest Live Cover and Undergrowth in the Taiga Silkmoth Forests]. Prilozhenie k Sibirskomu ekologicheskomu zhurnalu [Contemporary Problems of Ecology. Appendix], 2002, vol. IX, no. 1, pp. 23–32. 34. Polygraphus proximus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Sakhalin-Fir Bark Beetle. European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization. Panel Review Date 2015-03. Available at: www.eppo.int/QUARANTINE/Alert_List/insects/polygraphus_proximus.htm. Received on April 20, 2016