Sibs Progeny of Curly Birch at the Zaonezhye Forest Seed Orchard. P. 9–26

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 2.8MB )

UDС

582.632.1:630*232

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2023-5-9-26

Abstract

The article reports the results of studies on the growth and development of curly birch sibs progeny (produced through controlled pollination) aged 35 and 15 years growing in the Zaonezhye forest seed orchard (sites 1 and 2, respectively) in south-eastern Karelia, Medvezhyegorsky District. The number of trees with signs of wood figure in the seed progeny of curly birch in site 1 was 67 % by the age of 20 years, and by the age of 35 years – almost 80 %. This can probably be attributed to the genetic characteristics of the parent (plus) trees on one hand and to the favorable conditions in the forest seed orchard during the first years of the sibs progeny development on the other. Four of the 36 hybrid families (selected to include forward- and backcrossing products) were used for the case study of the growth and development patterns in stands of different age. The sibs progeny of these hybrid families was dominated by high-stemmed plants, but the main trunk shape in the 15-year-old stand was one with necks and muffs, while in the 35-year-old stand – with small protuberances. The rate of height growth in the trees decreased notably with age, whereas radial (stem diameter) growth, on the contrary, accelerated. As the bark grew thicker, however, the formerly bulgy surface “smoothed down”. We have also identified specific features of the ground vegetation formed under the effect of curly birch plantations of different age (15- and 35 years old). A conclusion drawn from the study is that good results from targeted cultivation of curly birch with figured grain (e.g., for sliced veneer) can be achieved already by the age of 20–35 years. Furthermore, considering the number of trees and their origin, this forest seed orchard constitutes an essential part of the valuable gene pool of curly birch, which may turn into a source for expanded reproduction of the resources of this unique member of the European forest tree flora.

Authors

Lidia V. Vetchinnikova^1,3*, Doctor of Biology, Chief Research Scientist; ResearcherID: J-5665-2018, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2091-905X
Alexander F. Titov^2,3, Corresp. Member of RAS, Doctor of Biology, Prof., Chief Research Scientist; ResearcherID: A-6705-2014, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6880-2411
Ekaterina E. Kostina¹, Junior Research Scientist; ResearcherID: AEW-2779-2022, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-9853
Anatolii V. Zhigunov³, Doctor of Agriculture, Prof.; ResearcherID: AAK-8124-2020, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-7526

Affiliation

¹Forest Research Institute of Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Pushkinskaya, 11, Petrozavodsk, 185910, Russian Federation; vetchin@krc.karelia.ru*,
kostina@krs.karelia.ru
²Institute of Biology of Karelian Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Pushkinskaya, 11, Petrozavodsk, 185910, Russian Federation; titov@krc.karelia.ru
³St. Petersburg State Forest Technical University named after S.M. Kirov, Institutsky per., 5, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation; a.zhigunov@bk.ru

Keywords

curly birch, Betula pendula Roth var. carelica (Mercklin) Hämet-Ahti, forest seed orchard, sibs progeny, birch growth, birch development, birch shape diversity

For citation

Vetchinnikova L.V., Titov A.F., Kostina E.E., Zhigunov A.V. Sibs Progeny of Curly Birch at the Zaonezhye Forest Seed Orchard. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 5, pp. 9–26. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-5-9-26

References

1. Babaev R.N. Breeding Evaluation of Representatives of the Genus Birch (Betula L.) during Introduction into the Middle Volga Region on the Example of Nizhny Novgorod Region: Cand. Agric. Sci. Diss. Arkhangelsk, 2022. 345 p. (In Russ.).

2. Bagaev S.S. Forestry Development of Drained Lands on the Territory of the Kostroma Lowland. Increasing the Efficiency of the Forest Complex: Materials of the 5th All-Russian National Scientific and Practical. Conf. with International Participation. 2019. Petrozavodsk, PetrSU, pp. 14–15. (In Russ.).

3. Vetchinnikova L.V., Titov A.F. Curly Birch: Major Results and Research Perspectives. Petrozavodsk, KarRC RAS Publ., 2021. 243 p. (In Russ.).

4. Vetchinnikova L.V., Titov A.F. Clonal Micropropagation of Rare Representatives of the Genus Betula L. Petrozavodsk, KarRC RAS Publ., 2022. 51 р. (In Russ.).

5. Vetchinnikova L.V., Titov A.F., Kostina E.E., Serebryakova O.S., Zhigunov A.V. Special Features of the Ground Vegetation Formed under the Effect of Curly Birch Stands in Zaonezhye, Republic оf Karelia. Izvestia Sankt-Peterburgskoj Lesotehniceskoj Akademii, 2022, iss. 240, pp. 6–24. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2022.240.6-24

6. Vetchinnikova L.V., Titov A.F., Kuznetsova T.J. Curly Birch: Biological Characteristics, Resource Dynamics, and Reproduction. Petrozavodsk, KarRC RAS Publ., 2013. 312 p. (In Russ.).

7. Gorelov N.I., Kozlov N.A., Kozmin A.V. Test Cultures of Curly Birch Trees. Lesnoye Khozyaystvo, 2011, no. 1, pp. 27–28. (In Russ.).

8. Collection of in vitro Clones of Rare Species of the Betulacea Family. (In Russ.).

9. Kravchenko A.V. Сompendium of Karelian Flora. Petrozavodsk, KarRC RAS Publ., 2007. 403 p. (In Russ.).

10. Laur N.V. Unified Genetic and Breeding Complex. Petrozavodsk, PetrGU Publ., 2011. 130 p. (In Russ.).

11. Mamaev S.A. Forms of Intraspecific Variability of Woody Plants. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1973. 284 p. (In Russ.).

12. Mordas A.A., Raevsky B.V., Akimova E.V. Growth and Development of Semi-sibs Scotch Pine Progeny at the Early Stages of Ontogenesis. Scientific Bases of Breeding Woody Plants of the North. Petrozavodsk, KarRC RAS Publ., 1998, pp. 43–50 (In Russ.).

13. Plantarium: Open On-line Atlas and Key to Plants and Lichens of Russia and Neighboring Countries, 2007–2023. (In Russ.).

14. Prokopyuk V.M., Raevsky B.V. The Current State of the Conifer Species Selective Breeding Network in the Republic of Karelia. Transactions of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022, no. 3, pp. 22–27. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17076/eco1506

15. Detailed Project for Reconstruction of the First Order Forest Seed Plantation in Zaonezhsky Forestry Enterprise of the Republic of Karelia. Moscow, 2003. 127 p. (In Russ.).

16. Raevsky B.V. The Current State and Development Perspectives of Woody Species Breeding Base in Karelia. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2013, no. 5, pp. 88–95. (In Russ.). http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/13b/lkh9.pdf

17. Raevsky B.V., Ignatenko R.V., Novichonok E.V., Prokopiuk V.M., Kuklina K.K. The Current State of Conifer Species Breeding and Seed Production. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2022, no. 6, pp. 9–37. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2022-6-9-37

18. Raevsky B.V., Kuklina K.K., Schurova M.L. Genetic and Breeding Assessment of Scotch Pine Plus Trees in Karelia. Transactions of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020, no. 3, pp. 45–59. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17076/eb1163

19. Ramenskaya M.L. Analysis of Flora in the Murmansk Region and the Republic of Karelia. Leningrad, Nauka Publ., 1983. 215 p. (In Russ.).

20. Sidor A.I., Kovalevich A.I., Luferova N.S., Revuako I.D., Maltseva L.V., Fomin E.A. Curly Birch: What do We Have…. Forestry and Hunting. 2016, no. 11, pp. 18–23. (In Russ.).

21. Solodovnikov A.N. Soil Fertility Indicators under Deciduous and Coniferous Forests in the Middle Taiga Subzone of Northwest Russia. Modern Problems of Science and Education, 2015, no. 6, 602 р. (In Russ.).

22. Tarasova J.V., Matveev I.V., Oreshkin D.G. The Influence of Single Birches (Betula рendula Roth) on Characteristics of Soil in Some Plant Communities in the Taiga Zone. Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University, 2003, ser. 3, iss. 3 (no. 19), pp. 37–46. (In Russ.).

23. Tsarev A.P., Laur N.V., Shchurova M.L. The Current State and Development Problems of Permanent Forest Seed Base in the Republic of Karelia. Proceedings of the Forest Engineering Faculty of PetrSU. Petrosavodsk, 1996. Iss. 1, pp. 100–103. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15393/j2.art.1996.2377

24. Cyganov D.N. Phyto-indication of Ecological Regimes in the Subzone of Coniferous-deciduous Forests. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1983. 197 p. (In Russ.).

25. Shurova M.L. The Current State of Curly Birch Plantations in the Republic of Karelia. Structural and Functional Deviations from Normal Growth and Development of Plants under the Influence of Environmental Factors. Material of intern. conf. Petrozavodsk, KarRC RAS Publ., 2011, pp. 305–310. (In Russ.).

26. Ellenberg H. Zeigerwerte der Gefasspflanzen Mitteleuropas. Gottingen, 1974. 97 p. (In Germ.).

27. Ellenberg H. Vegetation Mitteleuropas mit den Alpen. In Оkologischer, Dynamischer und Historischer Sicht. Stuttgart, 1996. 1095 s. (In Germ.).

28. Landolt E. Okologische Zeigerwerts zur Sweizer Flora. Veroff. Geobot. Inst. Zurich, 1977. H. 64. P. 1–208. (In Germ.).

29. Niemistö P. Effect of Growing Density on Biomass and Stem Volume Growth of Downy Birch Stands on Peatland in Western and Northern Finland. Silva Fennica, 2013, vol. 47, no. 4, рр. 1–24. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.1002

30. Paganová V. Analysis of Inheritance and Growth of Curly Birch Progenies from Controlled Hybridisation and Possibilities of their Utilisation for Timber Production in Agricultural Landscape. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2004, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 51–62. https://doi.org/10.17221/3700-CJGPB

31. Perala D.A., Alvin A.A. Regeneration Silviculture of Birch – A Review. For. Ecol. Manage, 1990, vol. 32, рр. 39–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(90)90105-K