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A.S. Kholmanskiy, Yu.M. Kozhevnikov Complete text of the article:Download article (pdf, 0.4MB )UDС58.037DOI:10.17238/issn0536-1036.2016.5.73AbstractThe paper presents the research results of the influence of external conditions (light, tempera-ture) on the efficiency of electrical generation by a galvanic cell formed from of a pair of metal electrodes placed in trees of various species and the soil. We used the electrodes made of iron, stainless steel and copper. The trees of different species (birch, linden, oak, larch, pine, spruce) in Moscow and Kaluga regions were examined. The potential difference between a tree and the soil varied during the day from 0.1 to 0.7 V depending on the type of a tree and a material of an electrode. The electrode was immersed into a tree to a depth of ~ 2 cm, and into the soil at ~ 15 cm. The potential difference did not depend on the height of the location of the electrode in the tree and the distance between it and the electrode in the soil. Maximum efficiency of electrical power generation in the summer time was achieved at midday on deciduous trees with the use of iron electrodes (wood) and copper electrodes (soil). We made a conclusion about the acceleration of the kinetics of redox reactions in the xylem electrolyte with the elec-trode metal by the solar light. The higher values of the potential difference in deciduous trees compared to conifers trees are associated with the difference of the chemical composition of their saps and higher values of pH and a dielectric constant in a root exudate than in the soft resin. The obtained results are useful for the batteries constructing of electric energy of trees, which can charge the low-power electronic devices – the mobile phones, monitoring sensors of environmental parameters (temperature, air pollution, ionizing radiation).AuthorsA.S. Kholmanskiy, Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Professor, Leading Researcher Yu.M. Kozhevnikov, Сandidate of Engineering Sciences, Chief of LaboratoryAffiliationAll-Union Scientific Research Institute of Farm Electrification, 1st Veshnyakovskiy proezd, 2, Moscow, 109456, Russian Federation; е-mail: allexhol@yandex.ruKeywordstree, electrochemistry, potential, galvanic cell, sunlight.References1. Viter V.N. Gal'vanicheskiy element. Ch. 4 [A Galvanic Cell. Part 4]. Khimiya i khimiki [Chemistry and the Chemists], 2014, no. 7. Available at: http://chemistry-chemists.com/N7_2014/ChemistryAndChemists_7_2014-P8-4.html. 2. Gordeev A.M., Sheshnev V.B. Elektrichestvo v zhizni rasteniy [Electricity in a Plant Life]. Moscow, 1991. 160 p. 3. Kramer P.D., Kozlovskiy T.T. Fiziologiya drevesnykh rasteniy [Physiology of Woody Plants]. Bonsay [Bonsai]. Available at: http://bonsai.ru/dendro/phcontent.html. 4. Polevoy V.V. Fiziologiya rasteniy [Plant Physiology]. Moscow, 1989. 464 p. 5. Kholmanskiy A.S. Adaptatsiya derev'ev k anomal'nym fizicheskim faktoram [Ad-aptation of Trees to Abnormal Physical Factors]. Matematicheskaya morfologiya. El-ektronnyy matematicheskiy i mediko-biologicheskiy zhurnal [Mathematical Morphology: Electronic Mathematical and Biomedical Journal], 2009, vol. 8, no. 3. Available at: http://www.smolensk.ru/user/sgma/MMORPH/N-23-html/holmanskiy/holmanskiy.htm. 6. Shatalov A.Ya. Vvedenie v elektrokhimicheskuyu termodinamiku [Introduction to Electrochemical Thermodynamics]. Moscow, 1984. 216 p. 7. Gibert D., Le Mou?l J.-L., Lambs L., Nicollin F., Perrier F. Sap Flow and Daily Electrical Potential Variations in a Tree Trunk. Plant Science, 2006, no. 171, pp. 572–584. 8. Hao Zh., Li W., Kan J., Jiang L., Feng C. Bioelectricity in Standing Trees – а Potential Energy for Wireless Sensor Networks. Telkomnika, 2013, vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 4841–4846. 9. Himes C., Carlson E., Ricchiuti R.J., Taylor D.W., Otis B., Parviz B.A. Using Plants for Directly Powering Nanoelectronic Circuits. Nanotechnology Perceptions, 2010, no. 6, рр. 29–40. 10. Love C.J., Zhang S., Mershin A. Source of Sustained Voltage Difference between the Xylem of a Potted Ficus benjamina Tree and Its Soil. PLoS ONE, 2008, no. 3(8), p. 2963. 11. Mamatha Ch., Mathew S. A Natural Battery Based on Lake Water and Its Soil Bank. Available at: www.ijevs.com 12. The Roots of Power. Available at: http://www.iop.org/activity/groups/subject/ env/prize/file_52518.pdf. 13. Tian H., Kan J., Xu Q., Zhang C., Jiang Z., Li Ya. A Measurement System of Elec-tric Signals on Standing Trees. Sensors & Transducers, 2014, vol. 162, iss. 1, pp. 215–220. Received on March 16, 2015 Generation Mechanism of the Tree Electrochemical Potential |
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