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I.I. Tikhonov, T.V. Yakusheva Complete text of the article:Download article (pdf, 0.4MB )UDС630*201.04DOI:10.17238/issn0536-1036.2016.2.9AbstractSelective loggings are carried out in order to ensure timely harvesting of ripe and over-ripe parts of the stands, creating of favorable conditions for rapid restoration of timber resources, stands conservation of uneven-aged structure, their stability, enhancement the forests productivity and their protective functions. The article deals with the problems and importance of selective logging, their applicability in a variety of natural and industrial conditions, technologies potential of different types of selective logging in the operational and protective forests (where clear-cuttings are prohibited in accordance with the current regulations). The analysis of the application of harvesting techniques with the use of traditionaltechnologies and modern multifunction logging machines is carried out. We studied the possibilities of full-circle feller bunchers with the pick-cutting head, equipped with a storage device and equalizing counterweight to conduct the selective cutting of high efficiency. It reduces the defectiveness of tree stands, weight of the feller-bunchers, and provides high productivity even in the smallwood felling. A new method of harvesting is proposed. It contemplates the timber transporting from the cutting areas by way of the butt and apical segments with the crowns, as well as wood chips, resulting in a new shear and chipping and skidding machine. As at the selective logging the volume of one-time felling of wood per unit of area is less than at the final felling, so the forest infrastructure density should be supported by the construction of the network of spur tracks, branches, continuous skidding trails that can be also used to carry out forest management activities. Implementation of new logging equipment, in particular full-circle feller-bunchers, will significantly increase the cost- effectiveness of selective cutting in a variety of natural and industrial environments, integrated use of forest raw materials, damage reduction of forest stands. AuthorsI.I. Tikhonov, Candidate of Engineering Sciences, Associate Professor T.V. Yakusheva, Assistant, Research OfficerAffiliationSaint Petersburg State Forest Technical University under name of S.M. Kirov, Institutskiy lane, 5, Saint Petersburg, 194021, Russian Federation; e-mail: ivan.tikhonov2013@yandex.ru, ytvles@mail.ruKeywordsselective logging, timber harvesting, semi-tree felling, use of forests, logging mechanization, harvesting technique, transport infrastructure.References1. Tikhonov I.I., Grigor'ev I.V., Nikiforov A.A., Nikiforova A.I., Grigor’eva O.I. Analiz tekhnologicheskikh protsessov lesosechnykh rabot: svidetel'stvo o gosudarstvennoy registratsii programm dlya EVM [Analysis of the Technological Processes of Logging Operations: Certificate of State Registration of Computer Programs]. Patent RF, no. 2012616067, 2012. 2. Tikhonov I.I., et al. Valochno-paketiruyushchaya mashina [A Feller-Buncher]. Patent RF, no. 119206, 2012. 3. Lesnoy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii № 200-FZ ot 04.12.2006 g.: (v redaktsii ot 12 marta 2014 g. № 27) [Forest Code of the Russian Federation no. 200-FZ of December 04, 2006: (as Amended on March 12, 2014 no. 27)]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru (accessed 16.04.2014). 4. Men'shikov V.N. Osnovy tekhnologii zagotovki lesa s sokhraneniem i vosproizvodstvom prirodnoy sredy [Fundamentals of Logging Technology to the Conservation and Restoration of Natural Environment]. Leningrad, 1987. 220 p. 5. Minaev V.N., et al. Povrezhdenie derev'ev pri razlichnykh tekhnologiyakh pri vyborochnykh rubkakh [Trees Damage at Various Technologies at Selective Felling]. Leningrad, 1996, pp. 68–74. 6. Moroz P.I. Vyborochnye rubki v taezhnykh lesakh [Selective Logging in the Boreal Forests]. Moscow, 1982. 128 p. 7. Obshchesoyuznye normy tekhnologicheskogo proektirovaniya lesozagotovitel'nykh predpriyatiy: ONTP 02–8 5. Utv. prikazom Minlesbumproma SSSR ot 3 marta 1986 g. № 108, soglasovany GKNT i Gosstroem SSSR (pis'mo ot 13 fevralya 1986 g. № 45-242) [AllISSN Union Rules for Technological Design of the Logging Companies: Industrial Sector Norms for Process Design 02-8 5. Approved by the Order of the Ministry of the Forest and Paper Industry of the USSR of March 03, 1986 no. 108, Agreed with the SCS & T and State Committee for Construction of the USSR (Letter Dated February 13, 1986 no. 45-242)]. Leningrad, 1986. 124 p. 8. Pravila zagotovki drevesiny, utverzhdennye prikazom Rosleskhoza ot 01.08.2011 g. № 337: (v redaktsii ot 1 avgusta 2011 g.) [Rules of Timber Harvesting, Approved by the Order of the Federal Forestry Agency of August 01, 2011 no. 337: (as Amended on August 01, 2011)]. Available at: http:// www.consultant/ru (accessed 17.04.2014). 9. Tikhonov I.I., et al. Sposob provedeniya lesozagotovitel'nykh rabot [The Method of Logging]. Patent RF, no. 2374829, 2008. 10. Tikhonov I.I., Grigor'ev I.V., Yakusheva T.V. Srezayushche-rubitel'notrelevochnaya mashina [A Shear and Chipping and Skidding Machine]. Patent RF, no. 142763, 2013. 11. Tikhonov I.I. Zagotovka drevesiny poluderev'yami [Semi-Tree Felling]. St. Petersburg, 2013. 108 p. Received on December 19, 2014 Selective Logging, Challenges and Solutions |
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