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Yu.G. Khabarov, D.E. Lakhmanov Complete text of the article:Download article (pdf, 0.5MB )UDС66.095.26+661.632.12DOI:10.17238/issn0536-1036.2015.2.142AbstractThe purpose of research is studying the depolymerizing effect of nitric acid on a hydrolytic lignin in the water-organosolv environment. The influence of solvent composition on the depolymerization of the condensed lignins with nitric acid was studied. Reaction of a hydro-lytic lignin with nitric acid was carried out in the installation with the backflow condenser in thermostatically controlled conditions within a specified time span. For this purpose 1 g of lignin and a specified volume of reagent were added into the flask. The reagent was pre-pared by mixing nitric acid concentration of 65 % with the solvent in a ratio of 1: 4 by vol-ume. When the reaction had been completed the undissolved part was separated from the solution by vacuum filtration. The precipitate was washed with water until the neutral pH, and then was dried to constant weight in a vacuum desiccator. Effectiveness of depolymeri-zation was assessed by the dissolution of lignin, expressed in percentage. It was found, that the most effective depolymerization took place in water-dioxane media. It was established, that a complete depolymerization of condensed lignins proceeded for 15 ... 20 minutes if the reaction of hydrolytic lignin with nitric acid was carried out in aqueous dioxane solution containing not more than of 25 % (by volume) of water. The initial dissolution rate of hy-drolytic technical lignin changes with increasing temperature of the reaction by degrees. The studies of the reaction kinetics indicated that the initial rate of reaction in the temperature range from 50 to 75 °C increased linearly with increasing temperature. At higher tempera-tures, its influence on the process rate is significantly greater. At more than 75 °C the reac-tion temperature coefficient is several times larger. Electronic spectra of alkaline solutions of depolymerized products are significantly different from the spectra of lignins. The correct description of spectra requires 4 – 5 Gaussian. The average approximation error is not more than 2.5 %.AuthorsYu.G. Khabarov, Doctor of Chemistry, ProfessorD.E. Lakhmanov, Postgraduate Student
AffiliationNorthern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russia; e-mail: khabarov.yu@mail.ruKeywordscondensed lignins, nitric acid, depolymerization, dioxane, ethanol.References1. Budaeva V.V., Gismatulina Yu.A., Zolotukhin V.N., Rogovoy M.S., Mel'nikov A.V. Fiziko-khimicheskie svoystva tsellyulozy iz solomy l'na-mezheumka [Physico-Chemical Properties of Cellulose from Flax Straw Flaxes]. Polzunovskiy vestnik, 2013, no. 3, pp. 163–173. 2. Veshnyakov V.A., Khabarov Yu.G., Kamakina N.D. Sravnenie metodov opredeleni-ya redutsiruyushchikh veshchestv: metod Bertrana, ebuliostaticheskiy i fotometricheskiy metody [Comparison of Methods for the Determination of Reducing Substances: the Method of Bertrand, Ebuliostatic and Photometric Methods]. Khimiya rastitel'nogo syr'ya, 2008, no. 4, pp. 47–50. 3. Efanov M.V., Galochkin A.I. Nitrovanie drevesiny osiny pri mekhanokhimicheskoy obrabotke [Nitration of Aspen Wood at Mechanochemical Treatment]. Lesnoy zhurnal, 2003, no. 2–3, pp. 112–116. 4. Kebich M.S., Zil'bergleyt M.A., Gorbatenko I.V., Kandybovich I.I., Vinogradova L.M., Fedorova O.I. Konversiya tekhnicheskogo lignina rastvorami azotnoy kisloty [Con-version of Technical Lignin Solutions by Nitric Acid]. Materialy, tekhnologii, instrumenty, 1999, no. 3, pp. 87–89. 5. Reznikov V.M. Reaktsionnaya sposobnost' lignina i ego prevrashcheniya v protsessakh delignifikatsii drevesiny [Reactivity of Lignin and its Transformation in the Process of Delignification]. Khimiya drevesiny, 1977, no. 3, pp. 3–23. 6. Chudakov M.I. Promyshlennoe ispol'zovanie lignina [Industrial Use of Lignin]. Moscow, 1983. 200 p. 7. Shishakov E.P., Kapitula I.V., Nosnikov V.V., Yuzefovich A.V. Khinonpolikar-bonovye kisloty – effektivnye stimulyatory rosta drevesnykh rasteniy [Quinone Polycarbox-ylic Acids - Effective Growth Stimulators of Woody Plants]. Lesa Belarusi i ikh ratsion-al'noe ispol'zovanie: Tez. dokl. Mezhdunar. nauch.-tekhn. konf., Minsk, 29 – 30 noyabrya. 2000 g. [The Forests of Belarus and Their Rational Use: Outline Reports of the Intern. Sci-entific and Engineering. Conf., Minsk, November 29 – 30, 2000]. Belarus, Minsk, 2000, pp. 119–122. 8. Shorygina N.N., Reznikov V.M., Elkin V.M. Reaktsionnaya sposobnost' lignina [Reactivity of Lignin]. Moscow, 1976. 368 p. 9. Bjorsvik H.-R., Minisci F. Fine Chemicals from Lignosulfonates. 1. Synthesis of Vanillin by Oxidation of Lignosulfonates. Organic Process Reserch & Development, 1999, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 330–340. 10. He J., Zhao C., Lercher J.A. Ni-Catalyzed Cleavage of Aryl Ethers in the Aqueous Phase. JACS, 2012, vol. 134, pp. 20768–20775. 11. Khabarov Yu.G., Lakhmanov D.E. Depolymerization of Condensed Lignins under the Influence of Nitric Acid. 13th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp, 24-27 June 2014: Outline Rep. Spain, Seville, pp. 459–462. 12. Kleinert M., Barth T. Phenols from Lignin. Chem. Eng. Technol., 2008, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 736–745. 13. Nenkova S., Vasilyeva T., Stanulov K. Production of Phenol Compounds by Alkaline Treatment of Technical Hydrolysis Lignin and Wood Biomass. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2008, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 182–185. 14. Okuda K., Umetsu M., Takami S., Adschiri T. Disassembly of Lignin and Chemical Recovery-Rapid Depolymerization of Lignin without Char Formation in Water–Phenol Mixtures. Fuel processing technology, 2004, vol. 85, pp. 803–813. 15. Villar J.C., Caperos A., Garcia-Ochoa F. Oxidation of Hardwood Kraft-Lignin to Phenolic Derivatives with Oxygen as Oxidant. Wood Science and Technology, 2001, vol. 35, pp. 245–255. 16. Zakzeski J., Bruijnincx P.C.A., Jongerius A.L., Weckhuysen B.M. The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals. Chem. Rev., 2010, vol. 110, pp. 3552–3599.Studying of the Interaction of Condensed Lignin with Nitric Acid in the Water-Organosolv Environment |
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