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Changes of Phytocenosis Understories of Fir Forests in the Breeding Grounds of Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle (Polygraphus Proximus Blandf.) in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

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O.M. Shabalina, I.N. Bezkorovaynaya, Yu.N. Baranchikov

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UDС

581.55:595.768.24

DOI:

10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.5.73

Abstract

Currently, the attention of forest pathologists is directed to the problem of a new aggressive pest of Siberian fir – four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandf. (Coleoptera, Scolytidae)). Until recently, the species was known in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, Korea, Japan, and northeast China, where usually colonized the weakened forms of Far Eastern firs, mainly Abies nephrolepis and A. holophylla. The first trees died of four-eyed fir bark beetle in the Krasnoyarsk Territory were dated by 1976. Now Polygraphus proximus is met in seven territorial entities of the Siberian Federal Districts, at 4.9 mln ha of fir forests (or nearly at one-third of the range of Siberian fir, which is extremely unstable to the action of P. proximus). The goal of research is to assess the condition of the
undergrowth, understory and herb layer in fir stands, damaged by four-eyed fir bark beetle in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The studies are conducted in the southern taiga grass fir forests in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The changes in the understories of fir plant communities with varying degrees of stand damage by P. proximus are examined. The natural regeneration of fir in all test areas is satisfactory (the number of standard large undergrowth is more than 1.0 ths. pcs./ha). However, there is a decline in the average viability score of large undergrowth, that seems to be associated with the attacks of four-eyed fir bark beetle. In the context of complete dieback of fir stands large viable undergrowth is absent. In maximum light intensity the tendency
to increase the average height and the average diameter of fir undergrowth is observed.
The undergrowth typical for the southern taiga fir forests is well developed in all plots. Its total thickness is 13.0…14.0 ths pcs./ha, and it does not depend on the degree of stand damage. Within an outbreak area in the plots with varying defoliation degrees of fir stand we reveal the differences in the density and some morphometric parameters of shrubs coenopopulations. So, on the plot with 100 % fir defoliation we mark the raspberry accretive motion, increase of the average bush height for all types of understory, except spiraea. In addition, spiraea and bird cherry in these conditions increase the number of stalks in a bush. The lower species richness of the herb layer in a community with 100 % fir defoliation is established. The share of short and wild grasses is reduced in the ecological and cenotic structure of this phytocenosis; the
share of high grasses and large ferns is increased. A projective cover of these species is also increased, especially Aconitum septentrionale and Dryopteris expansa. A few more crops cover is found (Calamagrostis obtusata, C. langsdorfii), but they do not occupy a dominant position, as it often happens in the fir forests damaged by Siberian silkworm moth. Fir undergrowth in the partially damaged fir stands is confined mainly to small grass-pleurocarpous moss and forb-small grass microgroups near large living firs, as well as on a semidecomposed windfall. Undergrowth and fir seedlings almost never occur in the illuminated areas occupied by overgrown species of shrubs and high grasses.

Authors

O.M. Shabalina1, Сandidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor I.N. Bezkorovaynaya1, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Yu.N. Baranchikov2, Сandidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Research Officer

Affiliation

1Siberian Federal University, Svobodnyy pr., 79, Krasnoyarsk, 660041, Russian Federation;
е-mail: shabalina11@bk.ru
2V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, Akademgorodok, 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russian Federation;
е-mail: baranchikov-yuri@yandex.ru

Keywords

four-eyed fir bark beetle, Siberian fir, undergrowth, understory, forest live cover, ecological and cenotic structure.

For citation

Pastukhova А.М. Prospects of Selection of Siberian Cedar Half-Sibs Accord-ing to Their Growth Rate at an Early Age. Lesnoy zhurnal [Forestry journal], 2017, no. 5, pp. 73–81. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.5.73

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Changes of Phytocenosis Understories of Fir Forests in the Breeding Grounds of Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle (Polygraphus Proximus Blandf.) in the Krasnoyarsk Territory

 

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