Реконструкция истории древостоев и оценка воздействия инвазивного короеда в пихтовых лесах с помощью анализа пространственной структуры

УДК

[630*45](571.16)

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2020-3-24-41

Аннотация

На сегодняшний день в России самой масштабной и разрушительной инвазией ксилофагов в лесные экосистемы является массовое размножение уссурийского полиграфа (Polygraphus proximus Blandf.) в пихтовых (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) лесах. Цель исследования – изучение пространственной структуры пихтовых лесов и их трансформаций под воздействием уссурийского полиграфа в его вторичном (инвазивном) ареале распространения. Было выбрано 2 модельных пихтарника (около сел Итатка и Малиновка) в Томской области. Оба древостоя представляют собой естественные насаждения на участках, где отмечена лесозаготовительная деятельность, которая была вызвана образованием этих населенных пунктов во второй половине XIX в. Для сбора непространственных и пространственных данных использовали технологию Field-Map. Анализ показал, что высота, диаметр и радиальный прирост ствола пихт, погибших или сильно ослабленных при атаках уссурийского полиграфа, значительно ниже, чем у живых особей. Социальный статус пихт, подвергшихся серьезному нападению или уже погибших от Polygraphus proximus, обозначен индексом Ui как умеренно угнетенный. Установленно, что в отличие от живых пихт размещение погибших деревьев было в значительной мере сгруппировано на коротких расстояниях (около 1 м). Данный вывод совпадает с визуальными наблюдениями на других участках, где погибшие деревья были сгруппированы. Тем не менее гипотеза пространственной независимости позиций живых и погибших пихт была принята для обоих участков.
Финансирование: исследование профинансировано Российским фондом фундаментальных исследований и правительством Томской области, грант № 16-44-700782 и выполнено в рамках государственного задания Центра по проблемам экологии и продуктивности лесов Российской академии наук (№ АААА-А18-118052400130-7).

Сведения об авторах

Н.М. Дебков^1,2, канд. с.-х. наук, науч. сотр.; ResearcherID: H-1146-2019,
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3791-0369
А. Градель^3,4, д-р наук, консультант по лесному делу; ResearcherID: AAK-1808-2020,
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-4151
А.А. Алейников⁵, канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр.; ResearcherID:K-1285-2017,
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5715-8488
¹Институт мониторинга климатических и экологических систем СО РАН, просп. Академический, д. 10/3, г. Томск, Россия, 634055; e-mail: nikitadebkov@yandex.ru
²Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет, просп. Ленина, 36, г. Томск, Россия, 634050; e-mail: nikitadebkov@yandex.ru
³Международная консалтинговая компания по лесному делу «Градель», Якобштрассе, д. 12, Герлиц, Германия, 02826; e-mail: agradel@jpberlin.de
⁴Факультет лесного хозяйства и лесной экологии, Гёттингенский университет имени Георга-Августа, Бюзгенвег, д. 5, Гёттинген, Германия, 37077
⁵Центр по проблемам экологии и продуктивности лесов РАН, ул. Профсоюзная, д. 84/32, стр. 14, Москва, Россия, 117997; e-mail: aaacastor@gmail.com

Ключевые слова

инвазии насекомых, Polygraphus proximus Blandf., Abies sibirica Ledeb., смертность деревьев, пространственно-временные характеристики

Для цитирования

Debkov N.M., Gradel A., Aleinikov A.A. Reconstruction of Stand History and Impact Evaluation of an Invasive Bark Beetle in Siberian Fir Forests with the Help of Spatial Structure Analysis. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 3, pp. 24–41. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-3-24-41

Литература

1. Гниненко Ю.И., Ширяева Н.В., Щуров В.И. Самшитовая огневка – новый инвазивный организм в лесах российского Кавказа // Карантин растений. Наука и практика. 2014. № 1(7). С. 32–39. [Gninenko Yu.I., Shiryaeva N.V., Shchurov V.I. The Box Tree Moth – A New Invasive Pest in the Caucasian Forests. Karantin rasteniy. Nauka i praktika [Plant Health. Research and Practice], 2014, no. 1(7), pp. 32–39].
2. Градель А., Воинков А.А., Алтаев А.А., Энхтуяа Б. Пространственно-структурный анализ ненарушенной темнохвойной тайги в южной таежной зоне и интервальная оценка темнохвойного смешанного леса в горной лесостепной зоне (Монголия) // Тр. Кубан. гос. аграр. ун-та. 2018. № 4(73). С. 36–44. [Gradel A., Voinkov A.A., Altaev A.A., Enkhtuya B. A Spatio-Structural Analysis of Intact Dark Taiga in the Southern Taiga Zone and an Interval Assessment of a Dark Conifer Mixed Forest in the Mountain Forest Steppe Zone (Mongolia). Trudy Kubanskogo gosudarstvennogo agrarnogo universiteta [Proceedings of  the Kuban State Agricultural University], 2018, vol. 4(73), pp. 36–44]. DOI: 10.21515/1999-1703-73-36-44
3. Дебков Н.М. Влияние уссурийского полиграфа на онтогенетическую структуру пихтовых лесов Западной Сибири // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2018. № 5. С. 116–125. [Debkov N.M. Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle Influence on the Ontogenetic Structure of Fir Forests in Western Siberia. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2018, no. 5, pp. 116–125]. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2018.5.116, URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/d21/116_125.pdf
4. Дебков Н.М. Закономерности изменения структуры пихтовых лесов, поврежденных в результате инвазии уссурийского полиграфа // Лесотехн. журн. 2018. Т. 8, № 1(29). С. 13–22. [Debkov N.M. Regularities of Changes in the Structure of Fir Forests Damaged as a Result of the Invasion of Polygraphus proximus. Lesotekhnicheskiy zhurnal [Forestry Engineering Journal], 2018, vol. 8, no. 1(29), pp. 13–22]. DOI: 10.12737/article_5ab0dfbacbcc16.33568232
5. Aukema J.E., McCullough D.G., Von Holle B., Liebhold A.M., Britton K., Frankel S.J. Historical Accumulation of Nonindigenous Forest Pests in the Continental United States. BioScience, 2010, vol. 60, iss. 11, pp. 886–897. DOI: 10.1525/bio.2010.60.11.5
6. Bacon S.J., Bacher S., Aebi A. Gaps in Border Controls are Related to Quarantine Alien Insect Invasions in Europe. PLoS ONE, 2012, vol. 7(10), art. e47689. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047689
7. Baddeley A., Rubak E., Turner R. Spatial Point Patterns: Methodology and Applications with R. London, CRC Press, 2015. 828 p.
8. Balzotti C.S., Asner G.P. Episodic Canopy Structural Transformations and Biological Invasion in a Hawaiian Forest. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017, vol. 8, art. 1256. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01256
9. Bellahirech A., Branco M., Catry F.X., Bonifácio L., Sousa E., Ben Jamâa M.L. Site- and Tree-Related Factors Affecting Colonization of Cork Oaks Quercus suber L. by Ambrosia Beetles in Tunisia. Annals of Forest Science. 2019, vol. 76, iss. 2, art. 45. DOI: 10.1007/s13595-019-0815-1
10. Besag J. Contribution to the Discussion of Dr. Ripley’s Paper. Journals of the Royal Statistical Society, 1977, vol. B39, pp. 193–195.
11. Binimelis R., Born W., Monterroso I., Rodríguez-Labajos B. Socio-Economic Impact and Assessment of Biological Invasions. Biological Invasions. Ed. by W. Nentwig. Berlin, Springer, 2007, pp. 331–347. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-36920-2_19
12. Bobiec A. Living Stands and Deadwood in the Białowieża Forest: Suggestions for Restoration Management. Forest Ecology and Management, 2002, vol. 165, iss. 1-3, pp. 125–140. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(01)00655-7
13. Born W., Rauschmayer F., Bräuer I. Economic Evaluation of Biological Invasions – A Survey. Ecological Economics, 2005, vol. 55, iss. 3, pp. 321–336. DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.08.014
14. Coggins S.B., Coops N.C., Wulder M.A. Initialization of an Insect Infestation Spread Model Using Tree Structure and Spatial Characteristics Derived from High Spatial Resolution Digital Aerial Imagery. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 2008, vol. 34, iss. 6, pp. 485–502. DOI: 10.5589/m08-073
15. Corral-Rivas J., Pommerening A., Gadow K.V., Stoyan D. An Analysis of Two Directional Indices for Characterizing the Spatial Distribution of Forest Trees. Models of Tree Growth and Spatial Structure for Multispecies, Uneven-Aged Forests in Durango (Mexico). Göttingen, Cuvillier, 2006, pp. 119–134.
16. Fiala T., Holuša J. Occurrence of the Invasive Bark Beetle Phloeosinus aubei on Common Juniper Trees in the Czech Republic. Forests, 2019, vol. 10, iss. 1, art. 12. DOI: 10.3390/f10010012
17. Gadow K., Zhang C.Y., Wehenkel C., Pommerening A., Corral-Rivas J., Korol M., Myklush S., Hui G.Y., Kiviste A., Zhao X.H. Forest Structure and Diversity. Continuous Cover Forestry. Ed. by Pukkala T., Gadow K. Dordrecht, Springer, 2012, pp. 29–83. DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2202-6_2
18. Gradel A., Ammer C., Ganbaatar B., Nadaldorj O., Dovdondemberel B., Wagner S. On the Effect of Thinning on Tree Growth and Stand Structure of White Birch (Betula platyphylla Sukaczev) and Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) in Mongolia. Forests, 2017, vol. 8, iss. 4, art. 105. DOI: 10.3390/f8040105
19. Gradel A., Mühlenberg M. Spatial Characteristics of Near-Natural Mongolian Forests at the Southern Edge of the Taiga. Allgemeine Forst- und Jagd-Zeitung, 2011, vol. 182, no. 3/4, pp. 40–52.
20. Hofmeister Š., Svoboda M., Souček J., Vacek S. Spatial Pattern of Norway Spruce and Silver Fir Natural Regeneration in Uneven-Aged Mixed Forests of Northeastern Bohemia. Journal of Forest Science, 2008, vol. 54, iss. 3, pp. 92–101. DOI: 10.17221/2/2008-JFS
21. Hui G. Studies on the Application of Stand Spatial Structure Parameters Based on the Relationship of Neighborhood Trees. Beijing Linye Daxue Xuebao [Journal of Beijing Forestry University], 2013, vol. 35(4), pp. 1–8.
22. Hui G.Y., Hu Y.B. Measuring Species Spatial Isolation in Mixed Forests. Forest Research, 2001, vol. 14(1), pp. 23–27. DOI: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-1498.2001.01.004
23. Janík D., Adam D., Hort L., Král K., Šamonil P., Unar P., Vrška T. Tree Spatial Patterns of Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica in the Western Carpathians over 30 Years. European Journal of Forest Research, 2014, vol. 133, iss. 6, pp. 1015–1028. DOI: 10.1007/s10342-014-0819-1
24. Kenis M., Auger-Rozenberg M.-A., Roques A., Timms L., Péré C., Cock M.J.W., Settele J., Augustin S., Lopez-Vaamonde C. Ecological Effects of Invasive Alien Insects. Biological Invasions, 2009, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 21–45. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-008-9318-y
25. Kharuk V.I., Im S.T., Petrov I.A., Yagunov M.N. Decline of Dark Coniferous Stands in Baikal Region. Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2016, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 617–625. DOI: 10.1134/S1995425516050073
26. Kharuk V.I., Im S.T., Ranson K.J., Yagunov M.N. Climate-Induced Northerly Expansion of Siberian Silkmoth Range. Forests, 2017, vol. 8, iss. 8, art. 301. DOI: 10.3390/f8080301
27. Kraft N.J.B., Ackerly D.D. Functional Trait and Phylogenetic Tests of Community Assembly across Spatial Scales in an Amazonian Forest. Ecological Monographs, 2010, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 401–422.
28. Krivets S.A., Bisirova E.M., Kerchev I.A., Pats E.N., Chernova N.A. Transformation of Taiga Ecosystems in the Western Siberian Invasion Focus of Four-Eyed Fir Bark Beetle Polygraphus proximus Blandford (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Russian Journal of Biological Invasions, 2015, vol. 6, iss. 2, pp. 94–108. DOI: 10.1134/S2075111715020058
29. Kuuluvainen T., Grenfell R. Natural Disturbance Emulation in Boreal Forest Ecosystem Management – Theories, Strategies, and a Comparison with Conventional Even-Aged Management. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2012, vol. 42(7), pp. 1185–1203. DOI: 10.1139/x2012-064
30. Larsson T., Angelstam P., Balent G., Barbati A., Bijlsma R., Boncina A. et al. Biodiversity Evaluation Tools for European Forests. Ecological Bulletins, 2001, no. 50, pp. 1–237.
31. Lei X., Lu Y., Peng C., Zhang X., Chang J., Hong L. Growth and Structure of Semi-Natural Larch-Spruce-Fir (Larix olgensis – Picea jezoensis – Abies nephrolepis) Forests in Northeast China: 12-Year Result after Thinning. Forest Ecology and Management, 2012, vol. 240, iss. 1-3, pp. 165–177. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.12.019
32. Martinsson O., Lesinski J.A. Siberian Larch: Forestry and Timber in a Scandinavian Perspective. Bispgården, JiLU Jämtland County Council, Institute of Rural Development, 2007. 90 p.
33. Naumburg E., DeWald L.E. Relationships between Pinus ponderosa Forest Structure, Light Characteristics, and Understorey Graminoid Species Presence and Abundance. Forest Ecology and Management, 1999, vol. 124, iss. 2-3, pp. 205–215. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00067-5
34. Pastorella F., Paletto A. Stand Structure Indices as Tools to Support Forest Management: An Application in Trentino Forests (Italy). Journal of Forest Science, 2013, vol. 59, pp. 159–168. DOI: 10.17221/75/2012-JFS
35. Pellegrini A.F., Anderegg W.R.L., Paine C.E.T., Hoffmann W.A., Kartzinel T., Rabin S.S., Sheil D., Franco A.C., Pacala S.W. Convergence of Bark Investment According to Fire and Climate Structures Ecosystem Vulnerability to Future Change. Ecology Letters, 2017, vol. 20, iss. 3, pp. 307–316. DOI: 10.1111/ele.12725
36. Pretzsch H. Analysis and Modeling of Spatial Stand Structures. Methodological Considerations Based on Mixed Beech-Larch Stands in Lower Saxony. Forest Ecology and Management, 1997, vol. 97, iss. 3, pp. 237–253. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(97)00069-8
37. Rinn F. TSAP V3.5. Computer Program for Tree-Ring Analysis and Presentation. Heidelberg, Frank Rinn Distribution, 1996. 264 p.
38. Rozendaal D.M.A., Kobe R.K. A Forest Tent Caterpillar Outbreak Increased Resource Levels and Seedling Growth in a Northern Hardwood Forest. PLoS ONE, 2016, vol. 11, art. e0167139. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167139
39. Sallabanks R., Riggs R.A., Cobb L.E. Bird Use of Forest Structural Classes in Grand Fir Forests of the Blues Mountains, Oregon. Forest Science, 2002, vol. 48, iss. 2, pp. 311–321. DOI: 10.1093/forestscience/48.2.311
40. Stephenson N.L., Das A.J., Ampersee N.J., Bulaon B.M., Yee J.L. Which Trees Die during Drought? The Key Role of Insect Host-Tree Selection. Journal of Ecology, 2019, vol. 107, iss. 5, pp. 2383–2401. DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13176
41. Stereńczak K., Mielcarek M., Modzelewska A., Kraszewski B., Fassnacht F.E., Hilszczański J. Intra-Annual Ips typographus Outbreak Monitoring Using a Multi-Temporal GIS Analysis Based on Hyperspectral and ALS Data in the Białowieża Forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 2019, vol. 442, pp. 105–116. DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.03.064
42. Stoyan D., Stoyan H. Fractals, Random Shapes and Point Fields. Chichester, Wiley, 1994. 389 p.
43. Straw N.A., Williams D.T., Kulinich O., Gninenko Y.I. Distribution, Impact and Rate of Spread of Emerald Ash Borer Agrilus planipennis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in the Moscow Region of Russia. Forestry, 2013, vol. 86, iss. 5, pp. 515–522. DOI: 10.1093/forestry/cpt031
44. Sustainable Forest Management. Ed. by J.L. Innes, A.V. Tikina. London, Routledge, 2016. 396 p.
45. Wiegand T., Moloney K.A. Rings, Circles, and Null-Models for Point Pattern Analysis in Ecology. Oikos, 2004, vol. 104, iss. 2, pp. 209–229. DOI: 10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12497.x
46. Zirlewagen D., Wilpert K. Modeling Water and Ion Fluxes in a Highly Structured, Mixed-Species Stand. Forest Ecology and Management, 2001, vol. 143, iss. 1-3, pp. 27–37. DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00522-3

Ссылка на английскую версию:

Reconstruction of Stand History and Impact Evaluation of an Invasive Bark Beetle in Siberian Fir Forests with the Help of Spatial Structure Analysis

RECONSTRUCTION OF STAND HISTORY AND IMPACT EVALUATION OF AN INVASIVE BARK BEETLE IN SIBERIAN FIR FORESTS WITH THE HELP OF SPATIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS

N.M. Debkov^1,2, Candidate of Agriculture, Researcher; ResearcherID: H-1146-2019,
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3791-0369
A. Gradel^3,4, PhD, Forestry Consultant; ResearcherID: AAK-1808-2020,
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-4151
A.A. Aleinikov⁵, Candidate of Biology, Senior Research Scientist; ResearcherID: K-1285-2017,
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5715-8488
¹Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prosp. Akademicheskiy, 10/3, Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation; e-mail: nikitadebkov@yandex.ru
²National Research Tomsk State University, prosp. Lenina, 36, Tomsk, 634055, Russian Federation; e-mail: nikitadebkov@yandex.ru
³International Forestry Consultancy Gradel, Jakobstraße 12, 02826 Görlitz, Germany; e-mail: agradel@jpberlin.de
⁴Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
⁵Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Profsoyuznaya, 84/32, str. 14, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation; e-mail: aaacastor@gmail.com

The most devastating insect invasion of forest ecosystems in Russia is the recent mass reproduction of the four-eyed fir bark beetle (Polygraphus proximus Blandf.) in southern Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) forests. The objective of our research was to study the spatial structure of fir forests and their change under the impact of the four-eyed fir bark beetle in its secondary (invasive) distribution range. We selected two fir stands located near the villages of Itatka and Malinovka in the Tomsk region. Both stands represent natural ripe succession forests on sites that previously experienced logging activities, which were triggered by settlement activities in the second half of the nineteenth century. We used Field-Map technology for gathering non-spatial and spatial stand data. The analysis showed that height, diameter and radial increment of fir trees, killed or severely weakened by attacks of the four-eyed fir bark beetle, were significantly lower than that of healthy individuals. The social status of fir trees, seriously attacked or already killed by Polygraphus proximus was indicated by the Ui index as moderately suppressed. In contrast to the distribution pattern of living firs, the pattern of dead or severally weakened firs killed by the four-eyed fir bark beetle was significantly clumped over short distances (sample plots (SP) Itatka and Malinovka). This finding coincides with visual observations in other stands, that dead trees are grouped to some extent. However, the hypothesis of spatial independence of the tree positions of living and dead firs was accepted for both plots.
Funding: The research was funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the government of Tomsk region, grant No. 16-44-700782, and carried out as part of a state assignment of the Center for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences (No. АААА-А18-118052400130-7).
For citation: Debkov N.M., Gradel A., Aleinikov A.A. Reconstruction of Stand History and Impact Evaluation of an Invasive Bark Beetle in Siberian Fir Forests with the Help of Spatial Structure Analysis. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2020, no. 3, pp. 24–41. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2020-3-24-41

Keywords: insect invasions, Polygraphus proximus Blandf., Abies sibirica Ledeb., tree mortality, spatio-temporal characteristics.

Поступила 21.07.19 / Received on July 21, 2019