Методика расчета рабочего органа грунтомета для тушения

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Аннотация

При проектировании грунтометов, осуществляющих направленное метание струи грунта на кромку лесного пожара, актуальным является определение на стадии проектирования основных параметров рабочего органа и тракторного агрегата. Необходимо получить обобщенные математические зависимости для определения удельных затрат энергии по элементам технологического процесса резания и метания грунта и лесной подстилки, позволяющие в дальнейшем решить задачу оптимизации конструктивных и геометрических параметров рабочих органов, а также режимов их работы по критерию минимума энергоемкости.

Сведения об авторах

© С.Н. Орловский, канд. техн. наук, доц.

Красноярский государственный аграрный университет, просп. Мира, 90,
г. Красноярск, Россия, 660049
E-mail: Orlovskiysergey@mail.ru

Ключевые слова

Литература

1. Зеленин А.Н. Лабораторный практикум по резанию грунтов. М.: Высш. шк., 1969. 310 с.

2. Карнаухов А.И. Лесопожарные агрегаты с торцовой фрезой. Концепция энер-госбережения: моногр. Красноярск: СибГТУ, 2011. 220 с.

3. Орловский С.Н. Определение энергетических и динамических параметров тракторов, режимов резания активных рабочих органов машинно-тракторных агрега-тов: моногр. Красноярск, КрасГАУ, 2011. 376 с.

4. Фомин В.К., Фомина Н.Ф. Методика определения энергоемкости процесса резания торфа дисковыми фрезами аналитическим методом // Торф. пром-сть. 1979. № 5. С. 9–13.

Ссылка на английскую версию:

Design Procedure of Ground-Throwing Machine Executive Device for Extinguishing Creeping Fire Borders
S.N. Orlovsky, Candidate of Engineering, Associate Professor

Krasnoyarsk State Agricultural University, Prospect Mira, 90, Krasnoyarsk, 660049, Russia
Е-mail: orlovskiysergey@mail.ru

In the engineering of ground-throwing machines, accomplished direct jet soil on for-est fire borders, characterization the major parameters of executive device and tractor-driven units is topical on the blue-print stage. It is necessary to receive generalized mathe-matical relationships to determine specific energy demands for the elements of cutting pro-cess and ground throwing. Such calculation allows to determine optimization problem of the constructive and geometrical parameters of executive devices and operating regimes in en-ergy intensity criterion.

Forest litter is a fibrous surroundings falling out of any theoretical calculations of the ground cutting processes. So, mathematical relations, based on the rules of elasticity and plasticity theory, can be more reliable. Usage of these rules made possible elaboration of the methods and equations for calculation of power consumption during the ground cutting and throwing of forest soil containing forest litter and dead-wood fragments by the execu-tive device of ground-throwing machine. Mathematical relationships of specific work charg-es were determined for:

оvercoming of elastic force demanded for cutting ground and litter;

сrossing resistance of viscoplastic cutting products stream under cutter operating on contact arc with fallow and carrying on revolving encasement;

сutting of roots and dead-wood;

kinetic energy of cut wood and soil.

These mathematic functions allowed to calculate the power waste demanded for ex-tinguishing creeping fire borders, to estimate the balance of power expenditure at pro-cessing, depending on executive device parameters and different regimes of ground cutting. Comparison between experimental and calculated energy intensity shows that discrepancy does not exceed 6-14 %. As a results of the conducted research, rational cutting velocity, sharpening angles and blade angles, form of throwing unit fans, revolving encasement di-ameter, capability and range of throw, power waste necessary for the whole technological process can be determinated. The analysis of obtained results has shown that the rational cutting velocity is 5-6 m·s-1; the suggested methods of analytical energy intensity definition of forest soil cutting and throwing give possibility to choose the cutting regimes and executive device parameters with simultaneous assessment of energy usage at the technological process on all its stages. This methods allow to reach minimum energy intensity of designing the forest fire extin-guishing machines.

The influence consideration of forest litter enhances accuracy of calculations for 13-21%. Realization of these methods would make possible to raise the technical level of fire extinguishing machines at the lowest damage to forest ecosystems. Keywords: ground throwers, forest soil, energy intensity, energy consumption, power balance.

REFERENCES

1. Zelenin A.N. Laboratornyy praktikum po rezaniyu gruntov [Laboratory Practice of Ground Cutting] Moscow, 1969. 310 p.

2. Karnaukhov A.I. Lesopozharnye agregaty s tortsovoy frezoy. Kontseptsiya ener-gosberezheniya [Forest Fire Eliminating Machines Equipped with End Mill. Strategy of Energy Saving]. Krasnoyarsk, 2011. 220 p.

3. Orlovsky S.N. Opredelenie energeticheskikh i dinamicheskikh parametrov traktorov, rezhimov rezaniya aktivnykh rabochikh organov mashinno-traktornykh agregatov [Characterization of Tractor Energy and Dynamic Parameters, Cutting Conditions of active tractor aggregates executive devices]. Krasnoyarsk, 2011. 376 p.

4. Fomin V.K., Fomina N.F. Metodika opredeleniya energoemkosti protsessa rezani-ya torfa diskovymi frezami analiticheskim metodom [Methods for analytical determination of turf cutting energy intensity by disc cutter] Torfyanaya promyshlennost', 1979, no. 5, pp. 9–13.