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Взаимосвязи физико-механических свойств древесины и закономерности их изменения внутри ствола березы

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В. И. Федюков, В. Ю. Чернов, М. С. Чернова, О. В. Цой

Рубрика: Механическая обработка древесины

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УДК

630*6

Аннотация

Физико-механические свойства древесины у растущих деревьев варьируют по высоте и диаметру дерева, а также различаются в зависимости от породы дерева и условий его произрастания. Целью исследования было выявление закономерностей изменения плотности, прочности на сжатие и скорости распространения звука вдоль волокон древесины и взаимосвязей между этими признаками внутри ствола березы, произрастающей в лесах Среднего Поволжья России, где подобные исследования раньше не проводились. Работа выполнена на двух пробных площадях, заложенных стандартными методами в березовых лесах естественного происхождения со средней продуктивностью на территории учебно-опытного лесхоза Поволжского государственного технологического университета в Республике Марий Эл. Средний возраст берез – около 70 лет, диаметр – 30 см, высота – 28,5 м. Отобрано 14 модельных деревьев. Из их стволов на высоте 1,3 м от торца и на относительных высотах 0,25H; 0,5H; 0,75Н вырезаны чураки длиной по 0,5 м. Экспериментальные работы проведены в лабораторных условиях с помощью современных технических средств при использовании стандартных процедур. Получены математические модели, характеризующие изменения изучаемых параметров и взаимосвязи между ними с учетом диаметра ствола на относительных высотах. Результаты подтвердили выводы исследователей о характере денситограмм и других физико-механических свойствах древесины внутри ствола дерева. Однако для березы, произрастающей в описанных выше условиях, выявлены особенности соотношения прочности и плотности, а также прочности древесины и скорости распространения звука по волокнам. Полученные данные имеют научную и практическую ценность как основа для разработки неразрушающего метода прогнозирования технических свойств древесины на корню, а также древесины для получения сортиментов специального назначения.

Финансирование: Работа выполнена при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (грант № 075-15-2021-674) и ЦКП «Экология, биотехнологии и процессы получения экологически чистых энергоносителей» Поволжского государственного технологического университета в г. Йошкар-Ола.

Сведения об авторах

В.И. Федюков, д-р техн. наук, проф.; ResearcherID: ABC-7222-2021, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-463X
В.Ю. Чернов, канд. техн. наук, доц.; ResearcherID: X-4439-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9496-7340
М.С. Чернова, аспирант; ResearcherID: X-4073-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-5158
О.В. Цой, соискатель; ResearcherID: ABC-7278-2021, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8028-2201
Поволжский государственный технологический университет, пл. Ленина, д. 3,
г. Йошкар-Ола, Республика Марий Эл, Россия, 424000; e-mail: fiv48@mail.ru

Ключевые слова

древесина березы, плотность древесины, прочность на сжатие вдоль волокон, скорость звука, взаимосвязь физико-механических показателей

Для цитирования

Fedyukov V.I., Chernov V.Yu., Chernova M.S., Tsoy O.V. Interrelations of Wood Physical and Mechanical Properties and Patterns of Their Change within the Birch Stem // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2021. № 6. С. 150–159. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-150-159

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INTERRELATIONS OF WOOD PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PATTERNS OF THEIR CHANGE WITHIN THE BIRCH STEM

Vladimir I. Fedyukov, Doctor of Engineering, Prof.; ResearcherID:ABC-7222-2021, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-463X
Vasilii Yu. Chernov, Candidate of Engineering, Assoc. Prof.; ResearcherID: X-4439-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9496-7340
Maria S. Chernova, Postgraduate Student; ResearcherID:X-4073-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-5158
Olga V. Tsoy, External PhD Student; ResearcherID: ABC-7278-2021, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8028-2201
Volga State University of Technology, pl. Lenina, 3, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El Republic, 424000,
Russian Federation; e-mail: fiv48@mail.ru, chernovvy@volgatech.net

Abstract. The physical and mechanical properties of standing wood are not constant along the tree height and diameter. They also differ depending on the tree species and conditions of its growth. So, the research purpose is to identify patterns of change and interrelations between the parameters of density, compressive strength and sound propagation velocity along the wood fibers inside the stem of a birch tree growing in the forests of the Middle Volga region of Russia, where such research had never been conducted before. The work was carried out on two sampling areas laid out by standard methods in birch forests of natural origin with average productive capacity on the territory of the Scientific-Experimental Forest District of the Volga State University of Technology in the Mari El Republic. The average age of the birch trees is about 70 yrs, breast height diameter is 30 cm, and height is 28.5 m; 14 sample trees were studied; 0.5 m long chucks were cut out from their stems at a height of 1.3 m from the butt end and at relative heights of 0.25H, 0.5H, and 0.75H. Experimental work was carried out in a laboratory environment with modern technical facilities using standard procedures. Mathematical models describing the changes in the parameters stated above and the interrelations between them with regard to the stem diameter at relative heights were obtained. The research results generally confirmed the findings of other researchers on densitograms and other physical and mechanical properties of wood within the tree stem. However, the features listed above were revealed for birch trees growing under such conditions; in particular, it concerns the ratio of strength and density, as well as the wood strength and the velocity of sound propagation through the fibers. The results obtained have both scientific and practical value as a basis for the development of a non-destructive method for predicting technical properties of standing wood as well as timber for producing assortments for special purposes.

For citation: Fedyukov V.I., Chernov V.Yu., Chernova M.S., Tsoy O.V. Interrelations of Wood Physical and Mechanical Properties and Patterns of Their Change within the Birch Stem. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2021, no. 6, pp. 150–159. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2021-6-150-159

Funding: The research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Grant No. 075-15-2021-674) and the Core Facility Centre “Ecology, Biotechnology, and Processes for Producing Environmentally Friendly Energy Carriers” of the Volga State University of Technology, Yoshkar-Ola.

Keywords: birch wood, wood density, compressive strength along the grain, sound velocity, interrelation of physical and mechanical parameters

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license • The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest