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Получение новых знаний и обучение в сфере устойчивых лесных ландшафтов: запад и восток Европы как лаборатория

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П. Ангельстам, М. Мантон, О. Хауляк, В. Наумов, С. Педерсен, Н. Стрямец, Й. Торнбльом, С. Валасюк, Т. Ямелынец

Рубрика: Лесное хозяйство

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DOI:

10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.1.9

Аннотация

OECD: 04.01.KA:01.06.GU
В целях поддержания благоприятной для человека среды зеленая (экологическая) инфраструктура должна обеспечивать функционирование наземных и водных экосистем для экологически безопасного и рассчитанного на длительную перспективу получения от них разнообразных полезностей (экосистемных услуг). Сложность взаимодействия социальных и экологических систем в пространственных масштабах и на разных уровнях управления требует понимания. Ключевым фактором в достижении этой цели является получение новых знаний и обучение на местах за счет объединения различных исследовательских дисциплин при сотрудничестве всех заинтересованных сторон (т. е. проведение междисциплинарных исследований). Используя ландшафтные зоны регионов на западе и востоке Европы в качестве лаборатории, мы раз-работали и применили пошаговый подход к получению новых знаний и поддержке обучения в отношении функционирования зеленой инфраструктуры. Наш анализ лесных ландшафтов показывает, что обеспечение заготовки древесины и сохранение биологического разнообразия плохо совместимы с точки зрения лесоустройства. На западе Европы существует потребность в увеличении количества охраняемых территорий, диверсификации методов управления и восстановлении ландшафтов. На севе-ро-востоке России есть возможности для интенсификации лесопользования и применения сберегающего земледелия, которое предусматривает районирование, позволяющее сократить потери биологического разнообразия. Примеры диагностики социальных систем включали оценку комплексного планирования в Швеции, результаты сохранения биоразнообразия в рамках лесной сертификации в Литве и обучение инженерами по охране окружающей среды. Основной проблемой в обеспечении функционирования зеленой инфраструктуры является слабое межотраслевое взаимодействие. Взаимодействие с социально-экологическими системами требует внедрения наукоемкого сотрудничества и обучения. Разнообразие ландшафтных изменений и практика управления на западе и востоке Европы, включая Россию, открывают широкие возможности как для получения знаний о целевых показателях функционирования зеленой инфраструктуры, так и для обучения в целях адаптации управления к региональным условиям. Интегрированное финансирование проектов, предполагающее сотрудничество ученых и групп заинтересованных лиц, необходимо для проведения успешных междисциплинарных исследований. Тем не менее, формальные и неформальные дисциплинарные и административные барьеры могут ограничивать их коллективную работу, несмотря на проведенный анализ и опыт исследования.

Сведения об авторах

П. Ангельстам1,2, д-р наук, проф.
М. Мантон2, д-р наук, науч. сотр.
О. Хауляк3, магистр, инж.-исследователь
В. Наумов4, д-р наук, инж.-исследователь
С. Педерсен5, д-р наук, доц.
Н. Стрямец6, д-р наук, науч. сотр.
Й. Торнбльом1, д-р наук, науч. сотр.
С. Валасюк7, д-р наук, науч. сотр.
Т. Ямелынец8, д-р наук, доц.
1School for Forest Management, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 43, Skinnskatteberg, SE-739 21, Sweden; e-mail: per.angelstam@slu.se, johan.tornblom@slu.se
2Institute of Forest Biology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentu, 13, Akademija, Kauno, LT-53362, Lithuania; e-mail: michael.manton@asu.lt
3Agency for Development and Cooperation, Chornovola Avenue, 63, Office 706, Lviv, 79000, Ukraine; e-mail: okhaulyak@gmail.com
4Metria AB, Gävle, SE-801 23, Sweden; e-mail: vladimir.v.naumov@gmail.com
5Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricul-tural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, Koppang, N-2480, Norway; e-mail: simen.pedersen@inn.no
6Foscari University of Venice, Via Torrino 155, Venice, Italy; e-mail: natastr@gmail.com
7University of Warsaw, Długa str., 44/50, Warszawa, 00-241, Poland; e-mail: svalasiuk@wne.uw.edu.pl
8Ivan Franko National University, Faculty of Geography, Doroshenko str., 41, Lviv, 79000, Ukraine; e-mail: taras.yamelynets@gmail.com

Ключевые слова

биоразнообразие, биоэкономика, сотрудничество, экосистемные услуги, экологические изменения, анализ разрывов, госуправление, зеленая инфраструктура, моделирование среды обитания, интенсификация, ландшафтный подход, планирование, определение круга заинтер

Для цитирования

Ангельстам П., Мантон М., Хауляк О., Наумов В., Педерсен С., Стрямец Н., Торнбльом Й., Валасюк С., Ямелынец Т. Получение новых знаний и обучение в сфере устойчивых лесных ландшафтов: запад и восток Европы как лаборато-рия // Лесн. журн. 2019. № 1. С. 9–31. (Изв. высш. учеб. заведений). DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.1.9

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Received on February 11, 2018


UDC: [630*1+502](4)
OECD: 04.01.KA:01.06.GU
DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.1.9

KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION AND LEARNING FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST LANDSCAPES: THE EUROPEAN CONTINENT’S WEST AND EAST AS A LABORATORY

Per Angelstam1,2, PhD, Professor
Michael Manton2, PhD, Researcher
Olga Khaulyak3, MSc, Analyst
Vladimir Naumov4, PhD, Analyst
Simen Pedersen5, PhD, Associate Professor
Natalie Stryamets6, PhD, Researcher
Johan Törnblom1, PhD, Researcher
Sviataslau Valasiuk7, PhD, Researcher
Taras Yamelynets8, PhD, Associate Professor

1School for Forest Management, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 43, Skinnskatteberg, SE-739 21, Sweden; e-mail: per.angelstam@slu.se, johan.tornblom@slu.se
2Institute of Forest Biology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forest Science and Ecology, Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Studentu, 13, Akademija, Kauno, LT-53362, Lithuania; e-mail: per.angelstam@slu.se, michael.manton@asu.lt
3Agency for Development and Cooperation, Chornovola Avenue, 63, Office 706, Lviv, 79000, Ukraine; e-mail: okhaulyak@gmail.com
4Metria AB, Gävle, SE-801 23, Sweden; e-mail: vladimir.v.naumov@gmail.com
5Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Evenstad, Koppang, N-2480, Norway; e-mail: simen.pedersen@inn.no
6Foscari University of Venice, Via Torrino 155, Venice, Italy; e-mail: natastr@gmail.com
7University of Warsaw, Długa str., 44/50, Warszawa, 00-241, Poland; e-mail: svalasiuk@wne.uw.edu.pl
8Ivan Franko National University, Faculty of Geography, Doroshenko str., 41, Lviv, 79000, Ukraine; e-mail: taras.yamelynets@gmail.com

To support human wellbeing, green (or ecological) infrastructure policy stresses the need to sustain functional networks of representative terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems for the sustainable provision of multiple ecosystem services. Implementing this means that the complexity of interactions between social and ecological systems at multiple spatial scales and levels of governance needs to be understood. Place-based knowledge production and learning through integration of different research disciplines in collaboration with actors and stakeholders (i.e. transdisciplinary research) is a key feature to achieve this goal. Using a suite of local landscapes and regions on the European continent’s West and East as a laboratory, we developed and applied a step-wise approach to produce knowledge and encourage learning towards functional green infrastructures. Our diagnoses of forest landscapes show that the functionality for wood production and biodiversity conservation was inversely related in the gradient from long to short forest management histories. In Europe’s West there is a need for increased quantity of, and more functional, protected areas; diversification of management methods; and landscape restoration. In NW Russia there are opportunities to intensify forest management, and to continue the land-sparing approach with zoning for different functions, thus reducing biodiversity loss. Examples of diagnoses of social systems included the evaluation of comprehensive planning in Sweden, outcomes for biodiversity conservation of forest certification in Lithuania, and learning from environmental managers. We conclude that the main challenge for securing functional green infrastructure is poor cross-sectoral integration. Treatment of social-ecological systems requires knowledge-based collaboration and learning. The diversity of landscape histories and governance legacies on the European continent’s West and East, including Russia, offers grand opportunities for both knowledge production about performance targets for green infrastructure functionality, as well as learning to adapt governance and management to regional contexts. Integrating project funding for both researchers and stakeholder collaboration is a necessary strategy to fill the transdisciplinary research agenda. However, formal and informal disciplinary and administrative barriers can limit team building despite self-reflection and experience.

Keywords: biodiversity, bio-economy, collaboration, ecosystem services, environmental history, gap analysis, governance, green infrastructure, habitat modelling, intensification, landscape approach, planning, stakeholder mapping, transdisciplinary, rural development.

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Received on February 11, 2018


 *Acknowledgements: This paper is dedicated with deep appreciation to Marine Elbakidze, without whom the work reported here would not have happened. The inspiration for this review article was a round-table discussion among a broad range of stakeholders about sustainable forest management led by Per Angelstam in Arkhangelsk 2017-11-30, initiated by Mårten Frankby at the Swedish Consulate in Saint Petersburg. Funding for this work was received from Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Foundation, SIDA, Swedish Institute, Swedish Ministry of Environment, and FORMAS (grants 2011-1737 and 2017-1342). We thank Olga Bourlak, Fatima Cruz and Sergey Koptev for stimulating comments.

For citation: Angelstam P., Manton M., Khaulyak O., Naumov V., Pedersen S., Stryamets N., Törnblom J., Valasiuk S., Yamelynets T. Knowledge Production and Learning for Sustainable Forest Landscapes: The European Continent’s West and East as a Laboratory. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 1, pp. 9–31. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.1.9