Address: 17 Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, Arkhangelsk 163002 Russian Federation. Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V.Lomonosov. Office 1425

Phone / Fax: (818-2) 21-61-18
E-mail: forest@narfu.ru
http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/en/

RussianEnglish



Archive

Preparation and Application of Complexes of Lignosulfonic Acids with Iron Cations

Версия для печати
Creative Commons License
These works are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Yu.G. Khabarov, V.A. Veshnyakov, N.Yu. Kuzyakov

Complete text of the article:

Download article (pdf, 0.7MB )

UDС

676.084.2

DOI:

10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.5.167

Abstract

Lignosulfonates and lignosulfonic acids are the main commercial product on the world market of lignins. They are used in metallurgy, mining, concrete production, and agriculture. The review presents the results of studying the structure and properties of lignosulfonates, the synthesis and application of complexes of lignosulfonic acids with iron cations. Lignosulfonates possess unique physicochemical properties that other types of lignins do not have. They form chelate complexes when interacting with iron cations and other biogenic metals. These complexes can be used in agriculture to eliminate plant chlorosis. Chlorosis is particularly manifests itself on about 30 % of the world’s farmlands with high calcium carbonate content. It is possible to change the properties of lignosulfonic acids and lignosulfonates intentionally by theirmodification. Nitration and nitrosation enhances the complexing properties. This is due to the possibility of the formation of chelate complexes with iron cations. Iron chelates with nitrated and nitrosated lignosulfonates exhibit strong antichlorosis properties. Their use allows normalizing the content of chlorophyll in photosynthetic structures completely. In the synthesis of water-based magnetic fluids lignosulfonates modified by nitration and nitrosation exhibit the properties of a peptizing agent that promotes the formation of stable magnetic fluids of magnetite type. Lignosulfonates have a strong influence on the synthesis of magnetoactive compounds by the partial oxidation of iron (II) cations using chromate ions or silver ammonium hydroxide. In the former case, a compact magnetoactive compound is formed; and in the second – a magnetic fluid (if condensation is carried out in the presence of tetraalkylammonium hydroxides).

Authors

Yu.G. Khabarov, Doctor of Chemistry, Prof.; ResearcherID: P-1802-2015, ORCID: 0000-0001-8392-0985
V.A. Veshnyakov, Candidate of Chemistry, Assoc. Prof.; ResearcherID: E-3882-2017, ORCID: 0000-0002-8278-5053
N.Yu. Kuzyakov, Postgraduate Student; ResearcherID:F-6918-2017, ORCID: 0000-0002-2193-5118

Affiliation

Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Naberezhnaya Severnoy Dviny, 17, Arkhangelsk, 163002, Russian Federation; е-mail: khabarov.yu @mail.ru

Keywords

lignosulfonic acids, lignosulfonates, their properties and application, iron, chelates, electrochemical synthesis, galvanochemical synthesis, nitration, nitrosation, magnetic fluids plant chlorosis

For citation

Khabarov Yu.G., Veshnyakov V.A., Kuzyakov N.Yu. Preparation and Application of Complexes of Lignosulfonic Acids with Iron Cations. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2019, no. 5, pp. 167–187. DOI: 10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.5.167

References

  1. Averbukh S., Zhigach K. To the Issue of Physicochemical Properties of Sulphite Liquors and Lignosulphonic Acids. Lesohimicheskaya promyshlennost’, 1936, no. 9, pp. 14–17.

  2. Tsyb А.F., Amosov I.S., Bibik E.E., Gribanov N.M., Nikitina R.G., Rozhinskiy M.M., Kugel’mas M.K., Shanazarov K.S., Slyusarenko I.S., Granik E.M. Radiopaque Substance. Authorship Certificate USSR, no. 978860, 1982.

  3. Khabarov Yu.G., Komarova G.V., Prokshin G.F. The Method for Producing Iron-Lignosulfonate Complex. Authorship Certificate USSR, no. 988823, 1983.

  4. Akatnova A.G., Gubareva D.N. Soil Conditions, Calcinosis and Grape Root System. Pochvovedenie [Soviet Soil Science], 1981, no. 8, pp. 68–76.

  5. Afanas’yev N.I., Ivanova M.I., Forofontova S.D. Hydrodynamic Properties of Lignosulfonates. Khimiya drevesiny, 1993, no. 5, pp. 42–51.

  6. Afanas’yev N.I., Korobova E.N., Forofontova S.D., Dyatlova O.V. Intermolecular Interactions in Solutions of Lignosulfonates. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 1996, no. 1-2, pp. 142–148.

  7. Bogomolov B.D., Sapotnitskiy S.A., Sokolov O.M., Sokolova A.A., Filippov B.S., Mariyev A.A., Tiranov P.P., Tret’yakov S.I., Novozhilov E.V., Gelfand E.D., Selyanina L.I., Borisov G.V. Sulphate and Sulphite Liquor Processing: Textbook for Universities. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1989. 360 p.

  8. Brovko O.S., Palamarhuk I.A., Makarevich N.A., Boitsova Т.А. Polymolecular Characteristics of Sodium Lignosulfonate, Chitozane and Polyethylenpolyamine. Khimija Rastitel’nogo Syr’ja [Chermistry of plant raw material], 2009, no. 1, pp. 29–36.

  9. Davydov A.D., Kashcheyev V.D., Kabanov B.N. Patterns of Anodic Dissolution of Metals at High Current Densities. I. Elektrokhimiya [Soviet Electrochemistry], 1969, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 221–225.

  10. Evstigneev E.I. Electrochemical Reactions of Lignin. Khimija Rastitel’nogo Syr’ja [Chermistry of plant raw material], 2014, no. 3, pp. 5–42. DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.1403005

  11. Kovalenko E.I., Popova O.V., Aleksandrov A.A., Galikyan T.G. Electrochemical Modification of Lignins. Elektrokhimiya [Russian Journal of Electrochemistry], 2000, vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 796–802.

  12. Lignins: Occurrence, Formation, Structure and Reactions. Ed. by K.V. Sarkanen, C.H. Ludwig. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1975. 632 p.

  13. Metzler D. Biochemistry: The Chemical Reactions of Living Cells: in 3 vol. Vol. 3. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1980. 488 p.

  14. Morekhin M.G. Lignine-Mineral Chelates as a Means of Wastewater Purification and Desalination. Khimiya drevesiny, 1978, no. 4, pp. 68–71.

  15. Moroz I.I., Alekseyev G.A., Vodyanitskiy O.A., Volkov Yu.S., Isakova R.B., Kuznetsov B.V., Monina M.A. Electrochemical Processing of Metals. Ed. by I.I. Moroz. Moscow, Mashinostroyeniye Publ., 1969. 208 p.

  16. Ostrovskaya L.K. Complexons and Their Significance for Plant Nutrition with Trace Element Metals. Fiziologiya i biokhimiya kul’turnykh rasteniy, 1986, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 591–602.

  17. Ostrovskaya L.K. Iron Deficiency in Plants and Photosynthesis. Zhurnal obshchey biologii [Biology Bulletin Reviews], 1990, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 513–527.

  18. Khabarov Ju.G., Komarova G.V., Sofrygina L.M., Obraztsov I.S., Zajtseva N.A. Method of Synthesis of Antichlorosis Agent on the Basis of Iron-Lignosulfonate Complex. Patent RF, no. 2007414, 1994.

  19. Khabarov Ju.G., Komarova G.V., Zajtseva N.A., Shergin A.E., Sofrygina L.M. Method for Producing Antichlorosis Preparation. Patent RF, no. 2100365, 1997.

  20. Popova V.L., Gribanova N.V., Gimasheva R.Z. Change of the Dispersing Properties of Lignosulfonates in Sulphite Liquor Processing. Gidroliznaya i lesokhimicheskaya promyshlennost’, 1977, no. 4, pp. 13–14.

  21. Saipov E.K., Khamidov M., Abduazimov Kh.A. Nitrogen-Containing Lignin Derivatives – Growth Stimulators of Gossypium. Proceedings of the 6th All-Union Conference on Chemistry and Lignin Use. Riga, Zinatne Publ., 1976, pp. 203–205.

  22. Sapotnitskiy S.A. The Use of Sulfite Liquors. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1981. 222 p.

  23. Saushkin B.P. Anodic Dissolution of Iron, Chromium and Chromium Steels in Neutral Solutions of Sodium Chloride and Sodium Chlorate at High Current Densities. Elektronnaya obrabotka materialov, 1974, no. 6, pp. 5–9.

  24. Sibikina O.V., Novikova E.V., Iozep A.A., Iozep L.I., Tikhomirova N.G., Kozhevnikova L.S. Reaction between Dextran Polyaldehyde and Iron(III). Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii [Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry], 2007, vol. 80, iss. 2, pp. 342–344. DOI: 10.1134/S1070427207020356

  25. Smirnov A.D. The Use of Technical Lignosulfonates for the Conservation of Green Fodder for the Production of Milk and Cattle Meat: Cand. Agric. Sci. Diss. Abs. Saint Petersburg, 1997. 20 p.

  26. Tolstaya M.A., Anisimov A.P., Shcherbak M.V., Postagonov V.Kh. Fundamentals of the Theory and Practice of Electrochemical Processing of Metals and Alloys. Moscow, Mashinostroyeniye Publ., 1981. 263 p.

  27. Khabarov Yu.G., Babkin I.M., Veshnyakov V.A. The Influence of the Nitrosation Conditions of Lignosulfonates on the Synthesis of Magnetoactive Compound. Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii [Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry], 2012, vol. 85, iss. 4, pp. 576–580. DOI: 10.1134/S1070427212040106

  28. Khabarov Yu.G., Babkin I.M., Veshnyakov V.A. Synthesis of a Magnetoactive Compound Based on Iron(II) Sulfate. Zhurnal prikladnoy khimii [Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry], 2012, vol. 85, iss. 6, pp. 900–905. DOI: 10.1134/S1070427212060080

  29. Khabarov Yu.G., Veshnyakov V.A., Shergin A.E. Electrochemical Synthesis and Biological Activity of Iron Lignosulfonate. Izvestiya Akademii nauk. Seriya khimicheskaya [Russian Chemical Bulletin], 2019, vol. 68, iss. 5, pp. 1081–1087. DOI: 10.1007/s11172-019-2523-2

  30. Khabarov Yu.G., Koshutina N.N. Changing of Complexing Properties of Lignosulfonates by Nitrosing. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2001, no. 5-6, pp. 134–139. URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/a76/a76753d9399b3fe9780e6e74cb37fb2f.pdf

  31. Khabarov Yu.G., Anokhina N.A., Gusakov L.V. Producing Ironlignosulphonate Complexes under Iron Treatment of Lignosulfonic Acids in Nitric Acid Environment. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Forestry Journal], 2003, no. 5, pp. 112–117. URL: http://lesnoizhurnal.ru/upload/iblock/6f1/6f132afad05c0cdc614717d932770d1e.pdf

  32. Khamdo D.Yu., Khanlarov T.G., Gambarov D.G. Complexation of a Polymer Ligand Based on a Copolymer of Maleic Acid and Vinyl Acetate with Metal Ions. Zhurnal neorganicheskoy khimii [Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry], 1992, vol. 37, iss. 12, pp. 2755–2757.

  33. Chudakov M.I. Industrial Use of Lignin. Moscow, Lesnaya promyshlennost’ Publ., 1983. 200 p.

  34. Chumachenko I.N., Proshkin V.A., Voytovich N.V. Prospects for the Use of Microfertilizers. Khimiya v sel’skom khozyaystve, 1995, no. 6, pp. 22–26.

  35. Shergin A.E. Research and Development of Methods for Producing Iron Complexonates Based on Technical Lignosulfonates: Cand. Chem. Sci. Diss. Abs. Arkhangelsk, 1998. 19 p.

  36. Yarov A.N., Sternik B.A. Complexation in the Systems Fe2+–Lignosulphonate and Fe3+–Lignosulphonate. Gidroliznaya i lesokhimicheskaya promyshlennost’, 1974, no. 5, pp. 10–11.

  37. Abadía J. Leaf Responses to Fe Deficiency: A Review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1992, vol. 15, iss. 10, pp. 1699–1713. DOI: 10.1080/01904169209364432

  38. Ashtiani M., Hashemabadi S.H., Ghaffari A. A Review on the Magnetorheological Fluid Preparation and Stabilization. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2015, vol. 374, pp. 716–730. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.09.020

  39. Babkin I., Brovko O., Iakovlev M., Khabarov Yu. Ferrofluid Synthesis Using Nitrosated Lignosulfonates. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 2013, vol. 52, iss. 23, pp. 7746–7751. DOI: 10.1021/ie400531f

  40. Bagotsky V.S. Fundamentals of Electrochemistry. New Jersey, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, 2006. 752 p. DOI: 10.1002/047174199X

  41. Bajpai P. Chapter 8 – Wood-Based Products and Chemicals. Biermann’s Handbook of Pulp and Paper. Vol. 1: Raw Material and Pulp Making. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2018, pp. 233–247. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-814240-0.00008-2

  42. Bennett J.P. Composition and Method of Correcting Nutrient Deficiency in Plants. Patent US, no. 2929700, 1960.

  43. Bertini I., Gray H.B., Lippard S.J., Valentine J.S. Bioinorganic Chemistry. Mill Valley, CA, University Science Books, 1994. 611 p.

  44. Biggs W.S., Kjargaard N.J. Lignosulfonate Composition and Process for Its Preparation. Patent US, no. 4019995, 1977.

  45. Campelj S., Makovec D., Drofenik M. Preparation and Properties of Water-Based Magnetic Fluids. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2008, vol. 20(20), art. 204101. DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/20/20/204101

  46. Eigen M., Wilkins R.G. The Kinetics and Mechanism of Formation of Metal Complexes. Mechanisms of Inorganic Reactions. Advances in Chemistry, 1965, vol. 49, pp. 55–80. DOI: 10.1021/ba-1965-0049.ch003

  47. Escudero R., Gómez-Gallego M., Romano S., Fernández I., Gutiérrez-Alonso Á., Sierra M.A., López-Rayo S., Nadal P., Lucenac J.J. Biological Activity of Fe(III) Aquo-Complexes towards Ferric Chelate Reductase (FCR). Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, 2012, vol. 10, iss. 11, pp. 2272–2281. DOI: 10.1039/C2OB06754D

  48. Gao W., Du G. 13C CP/MAS NMR Studies on the Curing Characteristics of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin in the Presence of Nano Cupric Oxide and Surfactants. Polymer Composites, 2014, vol. 35, iss. 1, pp. 113–117. DOI: 10.1002/pc.22640

  49. Grant M., Jordan R.B. Kinetics of Solvent Water Exchange of Iron(III). Inorganic Chemistry, 1981, vol. 20, iss. 1, pp. 55–60. DOI: 10.1021/ic50215a014

  50. Gu Z.H., Oliver A., Fahidy T.Z. The Effect of Magnetic Fields on the Anodic Dissolution of Copper in NaCl-KSCN Electrolytes. Electrochimica Acta, 1990, vol. 35, iss. 6, pp. 933–943. DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(90)90024-T

  51. Gupta R.P., McCarthy J.L. Lignin. XIV. Gel Chromatography and the Distribution in Molecular Size of Lignin Sulfonates at Several Electrolyte Concentrations. Macromolecules, 1968, vol. 1, iss. 3, pp. 236–244. DOI: 10.1021/ma60003a008

  52. Jean W.Q., Goring D.A.J. Macromolecular Properties of Sodium Lignosulfonates. Svensk papperstidning, 1968, vol. 71, no. 20, pp. 1898–1904.

  53. Jensen W., Fogelberg B.C., Forss K., Fremer K.-E., Johanson M. The Behaviour of Calcium Lignosulfonates and Hemilignin Compounds on Filtration through Sephadex Gels. Holzforchung, 1966, vol. 20, iss. 2, pp. 48–49. DOI: 10.1515/hfsg.1966.20.2.48

  54. Khabarov Yu.G., Babkin I.M., Kuzyakov N.Yu., Veshnyakov V.A., Plakhin V.A., Orlov A.S., Chukhchin D.G., Varakin E.A. One-Step Synthesis of Magnetoactive Compound. Mendeleev Communications, 2017, vol. 27, iss. 2, pp. 186–187. DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2017.03.027

  55. Khabarov Yu.G., Veshnyakov V., Komarova G., Kuzyakov N., Chukhchin D. Using Nitrated Lignosulfonates for the Synthesis of a Water-Based Magnetic Fluid. International Journal of Nanoscience, 2019, vol. 18, no. 2, art. 1850018. DOI: 10.1142/S0219581X18500187

  56. Khabarov Yu.G., Veshnyakov V.A., Kuzyakov N.Yu., Onokhina N.A. Bioactive Properties of Iron-Nitrolignosulfonate Complexes with a Low Content of Ballast Ions. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2019, vol. 263, art. 012012. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/263/1/012012

  57. Khabarov Y., Veshnyakov V., Kuzyakov N., Pankina G. The Interaction of Iron(II) Cations with Chromate Anions in the Presence of Lignosulfonates. Proceedings of the 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM 2017, November 27–29. 2017, vol. 17, no. 43, pp. 245–252. DOI: 10.5593/sgem2017H/43/S18.031

  58. King E.G., Adolphson C. Composition and Method for the Treatment of Nutrient Caficiency in Plant. Patent Can., no. 696645, 1964.

  59. Kuzyakov N.Yu., Veshnyakov V.A., Khabarov Yu.G., Pankina G.V. Influence of Lignosulfonic Acids on the Formation of Magnetoactive Compound in the Redox Reaction of Iron(II) with Chromate-Anion. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2018, vol. 7, no. 2.23, pp. 21–23. DOI: 10.14419/ijet.v7i2.23.11875

  60. Li W., Nobe K., Pearlstein A.J. Electrodissolution Kinetics of Iron in Chloride Solutions. VIII. Chaos in Potential/Current Oscillations. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 1993, vol. 140, iss. 3, pp. 721–728. DOI: 10.1149/1.2056148

  61. Liu S., Chen X., Lauten R.A., Peng Y., Liu Q. Mitigating the Negative Effects of Clay Minerals on Gold Flotation by a Lignosulfonate-Based Biopolymer. Minerals Engineering, 2018, vol. 126, pр. 9–15. DOI: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.06.021

  62. Loeppert R.H. Reaction of Iron and Carbonates in Calcareous Soils. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1986, vol. 9, iss. 3-7, pp. 195–214. DOI: 10.1080/01904168609363437

  63. Lopez J.A., González F., Bonilla F.A., Zambrano G., Gómez M.E. Synthesis and Characterization of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanofluid. Revista Latinoamericana de Metalurgia y Materiales, 2010, vol. 30(1), pp. 60–66.

  64. Lu A.-H., Salabas E.L., Schüth F. Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Protection, Functionalization, and Application. Angewandte Chemie, 2007, vol. 46, iss. 8, pp. 1222–1244. DOI: 10.1002/anie.200602866

  65. Lucena J.J. Effects of Bicarbonate, Nitrate and Other Environmental Factors on Iron Chlorosis. A Review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2000, vol. 23, iss. 11-12, pp. 1591–1606. DOI: 10.1080/01904160009382126

  66. MacLean A.A., Doyle J.J. Studies with Waste Sulfite Liquor: I. Effects of Waste Sulfite Liquor on Crop Yields and on Soil Properties. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 1959, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 87–92. DOI: 10.4141/cjss59-011

  67. McCauley A., Jones C., Jacobsen J. Soil pH and Organic Matter. Nutrient management, 2009, no. 8, pp. 1–12.

  68. Mentasti E., Secco F., Venturini M. Mechanism of Complex Formation: Equilibria and Kinetics of Fe3+ and FeOH2+. Interaction with Substituted Salicylic Acids. Inorganic Chemistry, 1982, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 602–604. DOI: 10.1021/ic00132a027

  69. Mentasti E., Secco F., Venturini M. Complex Formation between Iron(III) and Highly Charged Ligands: Equilibriums and Reaction Mechanisms. Inorganic Chemistry, 1982, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 2314–2320. DOI: 10.1021/ic00136a038

  70. Miller G.W., Pushnik J.C., Welkie G.W. Iron Chlorosis, a World Wide Problem, the Relation of Chlorophyll Biosynthesis to Iron. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1984, vol. 7, iss. 1-5, pp. 1–22. DOI: 10.1080/01904168409363172

  71. Mohamad A.T., Kaur J., Sidik N.A.C., Rahman S. Nanoparticles: A Review on Their Synthesis, Characterization and Physicochemical Properties for Energy Technology Industry. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2018, vol. 46, iss. 1, pp. 1–10.

  72. Movil-Cabrera O., Rodriguez-Silva A., Arroyo-Torres C., Staser J.A. Electrochemical Conversion of Lignin to Useful Chemicals. Biomass Bioenergy, 2016, vol. 88, pp. 89–96. DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.03.014

  73. Myrvold B.O. A New Model for the Structure of Lignosulphonates: Part 1. Behaviour in Dilute Solutions. Industrial Crops and Products, 2008, vol. 27, iss. 2, pp. 214–219. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.07.010

  74. Neal J.A. Aryl Sulfonate-Aldehyde Composition and Process for Its Preparation. Patent US, no. 4018691, 1977.

  75. Neal J.A. Clarification Process. Patent US, 4110208, 1978.

  76. Pankhurst Q.A., Connolly J., Jones S.K., Dobson J. Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Biomedicine. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2003, vol. 36, no. 13, pp. R167–R181. DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/36/13/201

  77. Popa V.I., Popa M., Cotofana C., Beeca C., Gavrilescu D. Modification of Ammonium Lignosulfonates by Reaction with Formaldehyde and Urea. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 1992, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 413–419.

  78. Reid C.P.P., Crowley D.E., Kim H.J., Powell P.E., Szaniszlo P.J. Utilization of Iron by Oat when Supplied as Ferrated Synthetic Chelate or as Ferrated Hydroxamate Siderophore. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1984, vol. 7, iss. 1-5, pp. 437–447. DOI: 10.1080/01904168409363210

  79. Ronen E. Micro-Elements in Agriculture. Practical Hydroponics and Greenhouses, 2007, iss. 164, pp. 39–48.

  80. Simionescu С.I., Rusan V., Turta K.I., Bobcova S.A., Macoveanu M.M., Cjazacu G., Stoleriu A. Synthesis and Characterization of Some Iron-Lignosulfonate-Based Lignin-Epoxy Resins. Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 1993, vol. 27, iss. 6, pp. 627–644.

  81. Slyusar’ O.A., Uvarov V.M. Effect of Complex Additives on Ceramic Slip Mobility. Glass and Ceramics, 2017, vol. 74, iss. 3-4, pp. 110–111. DOI: 10.1007/s10717-017-9940-1

  82. Spaldin N.A. Magnetic Materials: Fundamentals and Applications. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2010. 274 p. DOI: 10.1017/CBO9780511781599

  83. Stanik V., Danis L., Bistricka M. Sposob vyroby stabilizovaneho ligninsulfonanu zeleznateho. Patent CS, no. 254233, 1987.

  84. Stefan G. Perspectivele valorificarii integrale a lesiilor residuale la Fabrica de celuloza si hirtie Zarnasti. Celuloza hirtie, 1965, vol. 14, no. 12, pp. 592–596.

  85. Takahashi K., Bardwell J.A., MacDougall B., Graham M.J. Mechanism of Anodic Dissolution and Passivation of Iron. 1. Behavior in Neutral Acetate Buffer

  86. Solutions. Electrochimica Acta, 1992, vol. 37, iss. 3, pp. 477–487. DOI: 10.1016/0013-4686(92)87039-3

  87. Takao R. et al. A Mixture of Fertilizers. Patent Jap., no. 2187, 1975.

  88. Villén M., García-Arsuaga A., Lucena J.J. Potential Use of Biodegradable Chelate N-(l,2-Dicarboxyethyl)-d,l-aspartic Acid/Fe3+ as an Fe Fertilizer. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2007, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 402–407. DOI: 10.1021/jf062471w

  89. Welch R.M., Graham R.D. Agriculture: The Real Nexus for Enhancing Bioavailable Micronutrients in Food Crops. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2005, vol. 18, iss. 4, pp. 299–307. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2005.03.001

  90. Yang D., Qiu X., Zhou M., Lou H. Properties of Sodium Lignosulfonate as Dispersant of Coal Water Slurry. Energy Conversion and Management, 2007, vol. 48, iss. 9, pp. 2433–2438. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.04.007

  91. Yu W., Xie H. A Review on Nanofluids: Preparation, Stability Mechanisms, and Applications. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2012, vol. 2012, art. 435873. 17 p. DOI: 10.1155/2012/435873

  92. Zakzeski J., Bruijnincx P.C.A., Jongerius A.L., Weckhuysen B.M. The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals. Chemical Reviews, 2010, vol. 110, no. 6, pp. 3552–3599. DOI: 10.1021/cr900354u

  93. Zhou J., He Q., Liao X., Shi B. A Combination Tannage Based on Aluminium and Glycine-Modified Lignosulfonate. Journal of the Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, 2011, vol. 95, no. 5, pp. 204–208.

Received on March 14, 2019


Preparation and Application of Complexes of Lignosulfonic Acids with Iron Cations

 

Make a Submission


ADP_cert_2024.png

Lesnoy Zhurnal (Russian Forestry Journal) was awarded the "Seal of Recognition for Active Data Provider of the Year 2024"

INDEXED IN: 


DOAJ_logo-colour.png

logotype.png

Логотип.png