Дифференциация плюсовых деревьев сосны обыкновенной по состоянию ксилемы. С. 9–25

УДК

630*165.6+630*232.311.3+630*232.12:582.475.4

DOI:

10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-9-25

Аннотация

Важным моментом при создании лесосеменных плантаций является формирование их оптимального состава, позволяющего избежать проявлений инбредной депрессии получаемого на них семенного материала, которая возникает вследствие скрещивания между близкородственными плюсовыми деревьями. Этот негативный эффект можно снизить путем обеспечения наследственной гетерогенности материала для создания лесосеменных плантаций. Цель работы – дать сравнительную оценку плюсовых деревьев сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) как одной из наиболее значимых в хозяйственном плане древесных пород на Европейском континенте по их физиологическому состоянию. Изучено образование и одревеснение ксилемы плюсовых деревьев, выделенных в Нижегородской области России. Проведено гистохимическое исследование с использованием реакции флороглюцина на лигнин. Фенотипические различия в физиологическом состоянии плюсовых деревьев проявились на выровненном экологическом фоне, что указывает на их генотипический детерминизм. Данный факт подтвержден дисперсионным анализом. Доля влияния различий между собственно плюсовыми деревьями составила от 25,16±8,91 до 53,98±5,48 %. По результатам факторного и кластерного анализа выполнено объединение плюсовых деревьев на основе сходства по всему комплексу оценок состояния ксилемы. Идентифицированы объекты, статисти чески наиболее удаленные от остальных в многомерном пространстве признаков. Наследственный характер различий, установленных между плюсовыми деревьями, позволяет рассматривать их группирование по кластерам как генотипически обусловленное. Результаты исследования дают возможность обоснованно подходить к формированию ассортимента клоновых лесосеменных плантаций сосны обыкновенной.

Сведения об авторах

Н.Н. Бессчетнова¹, д-р с.-х. наук; ResearcherID: H-1343-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7140-8797
В.П. Бессчетнов¹*, д-р биол. наук, проф.; ResearcherID: S-5889-2016, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5024-7464
Н.А. Бабич², д-р с.-х. наук, проф.; ResearcherID: G-7384-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7463-2519
В.А. Брынцев³, д-р с.-х. наук, проф.; ResearcherID: O-4591-2019, ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6271-1444
¹Нижегородский государственный агротехнологический университет, просп. Гагарина, д. 97, г. Нижний Новгород, Россия, 603107; besschetnova1966@mail.ru, lesfak@bk.ru*
²Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, наб. Северной Двины, д. 17, г. Архангельск, Россия, 163002; forest@narfu.ru
³Главный ботанический сад им. Н.В. Цицина РАН, ул. Ботаническая, д. 4, Москва, Россия, 127276; bryntsev@mail.ru

Ключевые слова

сосна обыкновенная, плюсовые деревья, клоны, инбредная депрессия, ксилема, одревеснение, наследственная обусловленность

Для цитирования

Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P., Babich N.A., Bryntsev V.A. Differentiation of Plus Trees of Scots Pine by Xylem Conditions // Изв. вузов. Лесн. журн. 2023. № 4. С. 9–25. https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-4-9-25

Литература

1. Arnold R.J. Controlling Pollinated Radiata Pine Seed – A Comparison of Seedling and Cutting Options for Large-Scale Deployment. New Zealand Journal of Forestry, 1990, vol. 35, iss. 3, pp. 12–17.

2. Baskin J.M., Baskin C.C. Inbreeding Depression and the Cost of Inbreeding on Seed Germination. Seed Science Research, 2015, vol. 25, iss. 4, pp. 355–385. https://doi.org/10.1017/S096025851500032X

3. Besschetnov V.P., Besschetnova N.N. Selection Evaluation of Plus Trees of Scots Pine by Methods of Multidimensional Analysis. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2012, no. 2, pp. 58–64. (In Russ.).

4. Besschetnov V.P., Besschetnova N.N. Formation and Lignification of the Xylem of Plus Trees of the Scots Pine. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2013, no. 2, pp. 45–52. (In Russ.).

5. Besschetnov V.P., Besschetnova N.N., Esichev A.O. Physiological State Evaluation of Representatives of the Genus Larch (Larix Mill.) in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Lesnoy zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2018, no. 1, pp. 9–17. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2018.1.9

6. Besschetnova N.N. Fat Content in the Cells of Shoots of Plus Trees of the Scots Pine. Lesnoy zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2012, no. 4, pp. 48–55. (In Russ.).

7. Besschetnova N.N. Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Reproductive Potential of Plus Trees. Nizhniy Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy Publ., 2015. 586 p. (In Russ.).

8. Besschetnova N.N. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Efficiency of Selection of Plus Trees. Nizhniy Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy Publ., 2016. 464 p. (In Russ.).

9. Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P. Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Morphometry and Physiology of the Needles of Plus Trees. Nizhniy Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy, 2014. 369 p. (In Russ.).

10. Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P. Variability of Morphometrical Characteristics of Needles at a Clonal Plantation of Plus Trees of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding, 2017, vol. 21, no. 2, pp.198–206. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.18699/VJ17.237

11. Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P., Ershov P.V. Genotypic Conditionality of Plus Tree Needle Pigment Composition of Norway Spruce. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2019, no. 1, pp. 63–76. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2019.1.63

12. Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P., Kulkova A.V., Mishukova I.V. Starch Content in the Tissues of Shoots of Different Spruce Species (Picea A. Dietr.) Under Conditions of Introduction. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2017, no. 4, pp. 57–68. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2017.4.57

13. Bower A.D., Aitken S.N. Changes in Genetic Diversity of Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) Associated with Inbreeding and White Pine Blister Rust Infection. Silvae vGenetica, 2011, vol. 60, no. 3-4, pp. 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2011-0016

14. Camarero J.J., Guada G., Sánchez-Salguero R., Cervantes E. Winter Drought Impairs Xylem Phenology, Anatomy and Growth in Mediterranean Scots Pine Forests. Tree Physiology, 2016, vol. 36, iss. 12, pp. 1536–1549. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpw077

15. Chang C.Y., Fréchette E., Unda F., Mansfield S.D., Ensminger I. Elevated Temperature and CO2 Stimulate Late-Season Photosynthesis but Impair Cold Hardening in Pine. Plant Physiology, 2016, vol. 172, iss. 2, pp. 802–818. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.00753

16. Chmura D., Guzicka M., McCulloh K.A., Żytkowiak R. Limited Variation Found Among Norway Spruce Half-Sib Families in Physiological Response to Drought and Resistance to Embolism. Tree Physiology, 2016, vol. 36, iss. 2, pp. 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv141

17. Do Nascimento F.J., Atroch A.L., Regazzi A.J. Evaluation of Characteristics of Guarana Clone Seedlings Using Factor Analysis. Amazonian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 2011, vol. 54, iss. 2, pp. 107–112. https://doi.org/10.4322/rca.2012.002

18. Durel C.E., Kremer A. Hybridization After Self-Fertilization: A Novel Perspective for the Maritime Pine Breeding Program. Forest Genetics, 1995, vol. 2, iss. 2, pp. 117–120.

19. Durel C.E., Bertin P., Kremer A. Relationship Between Inbreeding Depression and Inbreeding Coefficient in Maritime Pine. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1996, vol. 92, iss. 3-4, pp. 347–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223678

20. Fernández J., González-Martínez S.C. Allocating Individuals to Avoid Inbreeding in ex situ Conservation Plantations: So Far, So Good. Conservation Genetics, 2009, vol. 10, iss. 1, pp. 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-008-9516-2

21. Ford G.A., McKeand S.E., Jett J.B., Isik F. Effects of Inbreeding on Growth and Quality Features in Loblolly Pine. Forest Science, 2015, vol. 61, iss. 3, pp. 579–585. https://doi.org/10.5849/forsci.13-185

22. Funda T., Lstibůrek M., Lachout P., Klápště J., El-Kassaby Y.A. Optimization of Combined Genetic Gain and Diversity for Collection and Deployment of Seed Orchard Crops. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2009, vol. 5, iss. 4, pp. 583–593. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-009-0211-3

23. Gömöry D. Effective Population Number Estimation of Three Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seed Orchards Based on an Integrated Assessment of Flowering, Floral Phenology, and Seed Orchard Design. Forest Genetics, 2000, vol. 7, iss. 1, pp. 65–75.

24. Kaushik N., Nautiyal S., Kaushik J.C., Beniwal S.R. Divergence Studies in Plus Trees of Neem (Azadirachta indica). Indian Journal of Agroforestry, 2007, vol. 9, iss. 2, pp. 106–110.

25. Kesari V., Sathyanarayana V.M., Parida A., Rangan L. Molecular Marker-Based Characterization in Candidate Plus Trees of Pongamia pinnata, a Potential Biodiesel Legume. AoB Plants, 2010, vol. 2010, plq017, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plq017

26. Kinloch B.B., Westfall R.D., Forrest G.I. Caledonian Scots Pine: Origin and Genetic Structure. New Phytologist, 1986, vol. 104, iss. 4, pр. 703–729. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1986.tb00671.x

27. Koelewijn H.P., Koski V., Savolainen O. Magnitude and Timing of Inbreeding Depression in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Evolution, 1999, vol. 53, iss. 3, pp. 758–768. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05370.x

28. Koulelis P.P. Cluster Analysis in Primary Roundwood Production of 25 Countries of European Union. Annals of Forest Research, 2009, vol. 52, iss. 1, pp. 163–168.

29. Kramer P.J. The Role of Physiology in Forestry. The Forestry Chronicle, 1956, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 297–308. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc32297-3

30. Kramer P.J., Kozlovski T.T. Physiology of Woody Plants. 2nd Edition. New York, San Francisco, London, Academic Press Publ., 1979. 811 p.

31. Kroon J., Wennström U., Prescher F., Lindgren D., Mullin T.J. Estimation of Clonal Variation in Seed Cone Production Over Time in a Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seed Orchard. Silvae Genetica, 2009, vol. 58, no. 1-2, pp. 53–62. https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2009-0007

32. Kulkova A.V., Besschetnova N.N., Besschetnov V.P. Multivariate Analysis in Assessing Species Specificity of Representatives of the Genus Spruce (Picea). Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2018, no. 6, pp. 23–38. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17238/issn0536-1036.2018.6.23

33. Langner W., Stern K. Versuchstechnische Probleme bei der Anlage von Klonplantage. Zeitschrift Forstgenetik und Forstpflanzenzüchtung, 1955, no. 4, pp. 81–88. (In German)

34. Lewandowski A., Burczyk J., Wachowiak W., Boratyński A., Prus-Głowacki W. Genetic Evaluation of Seeds of Highly Endangered Pinus uliginosa Neumann from Węgliniec Reserve for ex-situ Conservation Program. Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 2005, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 237–242. https://doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2005.030

35. Lim K.-J., Paasela T., Harju A., Venäläinen M., Paulin L., Auvinen P., Kärkkäinen K., Teeri T.H. Developmental Changes in Scots Pine Transcriptome During Heartwood Formation. Plant Physiology, 2016, vol. 172, iss. 3, pp. 1403–1417. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.01082

36. Lindgren D. Effect of Tree Cover on Scots Pine Pollination and Seeds. Forest Genetics, 1994, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 73–80.

37. Lindgren D. Seed Orchards and Supporting Breeding. Forest Tree Breeding. Proceedings of the Conference: IUFRO. Prague, Czech Republic, 25–29 August 2014. Prague, Czech Republic, Czech University of Life Sciences. Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Publ., 2014, pp. 3.

38. Markiewicz P. Effects of Top Pruning on Flowering and Growth of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Seed Orchard. Seed Orchards and Breeding Theory. Proceedings of the Conference. Antalya, Turkey, 21–25 May 2012. Turkey, Isparta, Forestry Faculty of Suleyman Demirel University Publ., 2012, pp. 48–50.

39. Miao Y.C., Zhang Z.J., Su J.R. Low Genetic Diversity in the Endangered Taxus yunnanensis Following a Population Bottleneck, a Low Effective Population Size and Increased Inbreeding. Silvae Genetica, 2016, vol. 65, iss. 1, pp. 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2016-0008

40. Nielsen U.B., Hansen O.K. Response to Selfing in Seed Set, Seedling Establishment and Nursery Growth Based on Controlled Crosses of Abies nordmanniana Clones. Silvae Genetica, 2010, vol. 59, iss. 2-3, pp. 90–98. https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2010-0011

41. Orr-Ewing A.L. A Cytological Study of the Effects of Self-Pollination on Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Fanco. Silvae Genetica, 1957, no. 6, pp. 147–161.

42. Orr-Ewing A.L. Further Inbreeding Studies with Douglas Fir. The Forestry Chronicle, 1957, vol. 33, iss. 4, pp. 318–332. https://doi.org/10.5558/tfc33318-4

43. Park P.S., Oliver C.D. Variability of Stand Structures and Development in OldGrowth Forests in the Pacific Northwest, USA. Forests, 2015, vol. 6, iss. 9, pp. 3177–3196. https://doi.org/10.3390/f6093177

44. Peguero-Pina J.J., Morales F., Gil-Pelegrín E. Frost Damage in Pinus sylvestris L. Stems Assessed by Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Cortical Bark Chlorenchyma. Annals of Forest Science, 2008, vol. 65, no. 8, art. no. 813, pp. 813 – 813. https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2008068

45. Plomion C., Leprovost G., Stokes A. Wood Formation in Trees. Plant Physiology, 2001, vol. 127, no. 4, pp. 1513–1523. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.010816

46. Powers M.D., Pregitzer K.S., Palik B.J., Webster C.R. The Physiological Basis for Regeneration Response to Variable Retention Harvest Treatments in Three Pine Species. Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, 2011, vol. 84, iss. 1, pp. 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpq038

47. Pravdin L.F. Scots Pine. Variability, Intraspecific Systematics and Selection. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1964. 190 p. (In Russ.).

48. Russell J.H., Ferguson D.C. Preliminary Results from Five Generations of a Western Redcedar (Thuja plicata) Selection Study with Self-Mating. Tree Genetics & Genomes, 2008, vol. 4, iss. 3, pp. 509–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-007-0127-8

49. Sato A., Sawamura Y., Takada N., Hirabayashi T. Relationship Between Inbreeding Coefficients and Plant Height of 1-Year-Old Seedlings in Crosses Among Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) Cultivars/Selections. Scientia Horticulturae-Amsterdam, 2008, vol. 117, iss. 1, pp. 85–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.03.005

50. Sıvacıoğlu A., Ayan S. Evaluation of Seed Production of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Clonal Seed Orchard with Cone Analysis Method. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2008, vol. 7, iss. 24, pp. 4393–4399. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB08.776

51. Stoehr M., Ott P., Woods J.H. Inbreeding in Mid-Rotation Coastal Douglas-Fir: Implications for Breeding. Annals of Forest Science, 2015, vol. 72, iss. 2, pp. 195–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-014-0414-0

52. Tausz M., Bytnerowicz A., Arbaugh M.J., Wonisch A., Grill D. Multivariate Patterns of Biochemical Responses of Pinus ponderosa Trees at Field Plots in the San Bernardino Mountains, Southern California. Tree Physiology, 2001, vol. 21, iss. 5, pp. 329–336. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/21.5.329

53. Temesgen H., Barrett T.M., Latta G. Estimating Cavity Tree Abundance Using Nearest Neighbor Imputation Methods for Western Oregon and Washington Forests. Silva Fennica, 2008, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 337–354. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.241

54. Vanek O., Procházková Z., Matějka K. Analysis of the Genetic Structure of a Model Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) Seed Orchard for Development of Management Strategies. Journal of Forest Science, 2013, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 377–387. https://doi.org/10.17221/39/2013-JFS

55. Vidal M., Plomion C., Raffin A., Harvengt L., Bouffier L. Forward Selection in a Maritime Pine Polycross Progeny Trial Using Pedigree Reconstruction. Annals of Forest Science, 2017, vol. 74, iss. 21, pp. 2–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0596-8

56. Vidyakin A.I. Efficiency of Positive Breeding of Woody Plants. Hvojnye boreal'noj zony = Conifers of the Boreal Area, 2010, iss. 27, no. 1-2, pp. 18–24.

57. Wang T., Hagqvist R., Tigerstedt P.M.A. Inbreeding Depression in Three Generations of Selfed Families of Silver Birch (Betula pendula). Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 1999, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 662–668 https://doi.org/10.1139/x99-036

58. Zeltiņš P., Matisons R., Gailis A., Jansons J., Katrevičs J., Jansons Ā. Genetic Parameters of Growth Traits and Stem Quality of Silver Birch in a Low-Density Clonal Plantation. Forests, 2018, vol. 9, iss. 2, art. no. 52, pp. 52(1) – 52(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/f9020052

59. Zou J., Sun Y., Li L., Wang G., Yue W., Lu Z., Wang Q., Liu J. Population Genetic Evidence for Speciation Pattern and Gene Flow Between Picea wilsonii, P. morrisonicola and P. neoveitchii. Annals of Botany, 2013, vol. 112, iss. 9, pp. 1829–1844. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct241